Final Exam Questions (all) Flashcards
What are the functions of the kidney?
final
Regulate blood volume and composition,
help regulate blood pressure,
synthesize glucose,
release erythropoietin,
participate in vitamin D synthesis,
excrete wastes in urine.
What are the components of the urinary system?
final exam
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
What is the meaning of rental hilum?
final
It is the entrance (a depression) in the kidney for:
Rental artery
Renal vein
Ureter
Nerves
Lymphatics
Which structures of the nephron in kidney reabsorbs the most substances?
final
Nephron Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PTC)
The attachment of a muscle’s tendon to the stationary bone is called the ________; the attachment of the muscle’s other tendon to the movable bone is called the ________.
Mid-term
origin
insertion
The attachment at the immovable end is referred to as the origin and at the moveable end, the insertion.
Motion will occur at a lever system when
a) resistance at the insertion exceeds the load.
b) the force of the contraction is not more than the load.
c) effort at the origin exceeds the load.
d) effort at the insertion exceeds the load.
Mid-term
d) effort at the insertion exceeds the load.
What is the major hormone that regulates water loss?
Final exam
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Glucose that is not immediately needed is stored as
mid-term
glycogen
What % of urine is water?
final
95%
What is the percentage of resting cardiac output received by the kidneys?
final
20-25%
The process that stores glucose as glycogen is called
mid-term
glycogenesis
When ATP is needed for the body’s activities,
stored glycogen is broken down by a process called
mid-term
glycogenolysis
What are oxidation and reduction?
mid-term and final
Oxidation is the loss of electrons during a reaction by a molecule, atom or ion.
Reduction is the addition of an electron.
What factors affect metabolic rate / heat production?
- Exercise
- Hormones
- Nervous system
- Body temperature
- Ingestion of food
- Age
- Gender, climate, sleeping, malnutrition
Where in the. body are sperm produced?
final exam
seminiferous tubules of the testes (spermatogenesis)
What is the function of the epididymus?
The epididymis is a long, coiled tube that stores sperm and transports it from the testes
o Sperm mature in the epididymis and degenerated sperm are reabsorbed
o The epididymis propels sperm into the ductus (vas) deferens
What is the location and function of seminal vesicle?
final exam
The seminal vesicles are a pair of glands along the back of the bladder base in men : above prostate, behind the bladder, in front of rectum. Main function is to produce a fluid (alkaline, viscous fluid containing fructose, prostaglandins and clotting proteins) that makes up semen.
Provides sperm with a source of energy to help them move.
What are produced in and released from the ovaries?
final exam
Gametes (mature into ova) and hormones (progesterone, estrogen, inhibin, relaxin)
What waste product is normally excreted by the Kidneys?
final
Urine
What structure attaches the ovaries and the uterus to the pelvic wall?
final exam
The suspensory ligaments (borad ligament) ttach each ovary to the pelvic sidewall. The ovarian ligaments, which connect each ovary to the lateral side of the uterus, do not contain any blood vessels. These are also known as the utero-ovarian ligaments or the proper ovarian ligaments
Where is the site of fertilization?
final exam
fallopian tubes (uterine tubes)
What hormone promotes the final step of spermatogenesis?
final exam
Testosterone
What is a reduction reaction?
Oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously.
Reduction: gaining one or more electrons
What process describes the synthesis of triglycerides
final exam
Synthesis of triglycerides from glucose and fatty acids is called lipogenesis.




































