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Nursing Lab / Normal.Values > Week 8 Bowell Elimination > Flashcards

Week 8 Bowell Elimination Flashcards

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1
Q

Drugs that act to premote bowel elimination

A

Cathartic

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2
Q

Passage of feces through the digestive tract through the rectum

A

Defecation

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3
Q

Increase in the number of stools and the passage and the passage of liquid informed feces

A

Diarrhea

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4
Q

Procedure involving introduction of a solution into the rectum for cleansing or therapeutic purposes

A

Enema

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5
Q

Intestinal gas

A

Flatus

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6
Q

Permanent dialation and engorgement of viens within the lining of the rectum. Formation is a result of vein distention from pressure during straining

A

Hemorrhoids

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7
Q

Results when a patient has unrelieved constipation and is unable to expel the hardened feces retained in the colon

A

Impaction

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8
Q

Drugs that act to promote bowel evacuation

A

Laxative

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9
Q

Rythmical contractions of the intestine that propel gastric contents through the length of the GI tract

A

Peristalsis

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10
Q

What are factors that affect bowel function

A

1) age
2) diet
3) fluid intake
4) physical activity
5) psychological factors
6) personal habits
7) position during defecation
8) pain
9) pregnancy
10) surgery and anesthesia
11) medication
12) diagnostic tests

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11
Q

Changes that occur in bowel function in infants

A

Less digestion

Lack of bowel control

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12
Q

Changes that occur in bowell function in toddlers

A

Nueromuscular development has occurred
Begin to have control of bowels
Toilet training starts
Recognition of sensation to poop

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13
Q

Changes that occur in bowell function in older adults

A 
Lose muscle tone
Decreased absorption 
Peristalsis slows 
Decreased chewing ability
Decreased control of schincter
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14
Q

Essential data to be collected during a nursing history when assessing the patients need for bowel elimination

A 
A) usual elimination patern 
B) description of pt. Stool charactoristics 
C) identify routines used to premote evacuation 
D) presence and status of bowel diversion 
E) changes in appetite 
F) diet history 
G) description of daily fluid intake 
H) history of surgery or GI illness
I) medication history 
J) emotional status 
K) history of exersize
L) history of pain or discomfort
M) social history 
N) mobility and dexterity 
O) physical assessment
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15
Q

Physical assessment bowel function

A

Oral cavity- teeth and mucous membranes
Abdominal- Bowell sounds, flatus, distention
Rectal - hemorrhoids, lesions, fissures

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16
Q

Identify health promotion behavoirs in relation to fecal elimination

A

1) take time to deficate
2) development of routine
3) offer bedpan or nessisary assistance
4) high fiber diet
5) fluid intake 2500ml/ day
6) exersize daily
7) do not ignore the urge
8) maintain skin integ.

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17
Q

Identify measures which promote regular defication

A

1) positioning
2) provide privacy
3) promote nutrition and fluids
4) encourage increased activity
5) allow time/ develope routine
6) maintain skin integrity
7) provide ordered medication

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18
Q

Common causes of constipation

A

1) improper diet, reduced fluid, lack of exercise
2) medication
3) stress, physiological changes
4) chronic illness

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19
Q

Common causes of diarrhea

A

1) disorders affecting digestion
2) medication
3) psychological stress
4) allergies and food born pathogens
5) c diff.

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20
Q

Common causes of fecal incontinence

A

1) physical conditions that impair anal sphincter function, or large volume liquid stools
2) impaired cognitive function
3) impaired nerves to anus
4) spinal cord injury, tumors, nueromuscular disease, brain disease

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21
Q

Common causes of fecal impaction

A

1) dehydration, weakness, unaware of need to deficate
2) unrelieved constipation
3) inability to pass a stool for several days
4) medication

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22
Q

Common cuases of flatulence

A

1) gas accumulation in the lumen of the intestines
2) general anesthesia
3) abdominal surgery
4) immobility

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23
Q

Common causes of hemmorroids

A

1) increased venous pressure from straining
2) pregnancy
3) heart failure
4) liver disease

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24
Q

Define nursing diagnosis Bowel incontinence

A

Change of normal bowel elimination habbits charactoristics by involuntary passage of stool

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25
Q

Define nursing diagnosis constipation

A

Decrease in normal frequency of defecation difficult or incomplete passage of stool and or hard dry stool.

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26
Q

Define nursing diagnosis precieved constipation

A

Self-diagnosis of constipation and abuse of bowel medication to ensure daily Bowel movement

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27
Q

Define nursing diagnosis risk for constipation

A

Vulnerable to decrease in normal frequency of bowel movement accompanied by difficult or incomplete passage of stool

28
Q

Dfine nursing diagnosis diarrhea

A

Passage of loose stool

29
Q

Defining charactoristics of bowel incontinence

A

1) bowel urgency
2) constant passage of loose stool
3) inability to recognize urge to deficate
4) fecal staining of clothing of bedding
5) inability to recognize rectal fullness

30
Q

Defining characteristics of constipation

A

1) feeling of rectal fullness, pressure, straining with attempt, bowel urgency
2) abdominal pain, tenderness, anorexia, distention, emesis
3) inability to deficate, hypoactive Bowel sounds

31
Q

Defining characteristics of precieved constipation

A

1) enema, laxitive, or suppository abuse
2) expects daily bowel movement
3) expects daily bowel movement at the same time every day

32
Q

Risk factors for risk for constipation

A

1) abdominal weakness, immobility, recent environmental changes, inadequate toileting habbits, ignored urge to deficate
2) confusion, depression, emotional disturbance
3) decrease in GI mobility, dehydration, insufficient fiber intake, inadequate dentation, insufficient fluid intake
4) iron salt, laxitive abuse, other medication, opioids
5) electrolytes imbalance, obesity, post- surgery, pregnancy, BPH

33
Q

Defining charactoristics of diarrhea

A

1) abdominal pain
2) bowel urgency
3) cramping
4) hyperactive bowel sounds
5) loose liquid stool> 3 in 24 hour period

34
Q

Nursing interventions for bowel incontinence

A

1) assess cognitive function
2) improve access to toileting
3) respond promptly to request for toileting
4) evaluation of medications
5) assess.for skin breakdown
6) implement Bowell training

35
Q

Interventions for constipation

A

1) inspect, auscultation, percussion palpation
2) assess patern of defication
3) evaluation of medications
4) encourage fluids
5) increase fiber intake
6) provide privacy

36
Q

Interventions for precieved constipation

A

1) asses usual bowel patern
2) educate client that it is not nessisary to deficate daily
3) assess emotional influences
4) advise client to gradually reduce use of laxitives, suppositories and enemas
5) advise change in diet

37
Q

Interventions for risk for constipation

A

1) inspect, auscultation, percussion, palpation
2) asses patern of defication
3) evaluate medication
4) check for impaction
5) encourage fluids
6) increase fiber intake
7) provide privacy

38
Q

Intervention for diarrhea

A

1) inspect auscultate, percussion, palpation
2) assess patern of defication
3) evaluation of medications
4) test for C. Diff.
5) encourage fluids to prevent dehydration

39
Q

_________________- sets up a daily routine by attempting to deficate at the same time each day and using measures that promote defication
A) assist patient with incontinence to deficate normally
B) regain control of bowels

A

Bowel training program

40
Q

Major phases of bowel training program

A

1) assess for patient readiness
2) assess normal bowel habits
3) develope a plan with the patient
4) implement plan

41
Q

Use
Action
SE
NURSING implications of bisacodyl

A

Use: constipation and bowel prep for exam/ surgery
Action: stimulant laxitive
SE: nausea vomiting anorexia, cramps, diarrhea, muscle weakness, electrolyte/ fluid imbalance
Nursing implications: I and O for fluid loss, teach normal.BM does not occur daily, evaluation of therputic response, take with full.glass of water, don’t take if abdominal pain present

42
Q

Use
Action
SE
Nursing implications of dosuate sodium

A

Use: prevention of dry hard stools; occasional constipation
Action: laxitive, emollient, stool softener

SE: nausea, anorexia, cramps, diarrhea, bitter taste, throat irritation

Nursing implications: may take 3 days to work, assess cause of constipation

43
Q

Generic name for dulcolax

A

Bisacodyl

44
Q

Generic name for colace

A

Docusate sodium

45
Q

Generic name for imodium

A

Loperamide

46
Q

Use
Action
SE
Nursing indications for loperamide

A

Use: antidiarrheal, travelers diarrhea, chronic diarrhea, decreased ileostomy discharge
Action: antidiarrheal
SE: nausea, dry mouth, vomiting, constipation, drowsiness, fatigue, anaphylaxis, angioedema

Nursing implications: dehydration, abdominal distention, response should occur after 48 hours or discontine; teach to avoid OTC; use hard candy, sips of water for dry mouth

47
Q

Use
Action
SE
Nursing implications for magnesium oxide

A

Use: constipation, dispepsia, bowel prep
Action: antidiarrheal
SE: diarrhea nausea, dry mouth, vomiting, anorexia, electrolyte fluid imbalance, muscle weakness

Nursing implications: not for long term therapy, shake suspension well, chilling improves taste, give citrus fruit after administration to counteract unpleasant taste

48
Q

Use
Action
SE
Nursing implications for psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid

A

Use: chronic constipation, constipation, ulcerative colitis, increase bulk in stool, increase fluid in stool

Action: bull laxative

SE: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, cramps, intestional or esophageal blockage

Nursing implications: teach to maintain adequate fluid consumption: I and O, don’t use if abdominal pain, teach patient that normal BMs don’t have to occur daily

49
Q

Order of abdominal assessment

A

Inspection: four quadrants for contour, shape, symmetry, and color

Auscultation: assess bowel sounds in each quadrant

Percussion: identify underlying structures and detects fluid or gas

Palpation: checking for areas of masses or areas of tenderness

50
Q

When auscutating bowel sounds the nurse sound begin in what quadrant?

A

Lower right

51
Q

The nurse should listen for bowel sounds for up to ______

A

Five minutes

52
Q

Bowel sounds should be heard _____to ______ times per minute

A

5-35

53
Q

Docusate sodium will alter what aspect of a client’s bowel movement

A

Consistensy

Docusate sodium is a stool softener ( colace)

54
Q

While preforming the digital rectal exam the nurse recognizes that the client may experience vagal nerve stimulation. This can result in what change in vital signs

A

Decreased pulse rate

55
Q

How many mL are there in one ounce

A

30mL / ounce

56
Q

The nurse encourages someone to drink a minimum of 2 literally of water to alleviate constipation. How many 8 ounce glasses of water should be consumed in order to reach 2 L

A

8.33 glasses

57
Q

Hydrocholorothiazide could have what effect on fluid volume?

A

Hydrocholorothiazide is a diuretic- fluid volume loss

58
Q

What provide the most important data about fluid volume status

A

Daily wieghts

59
Q

Skin turgor in the eldery is best assessed by pinching a fold of skin over the ______

A

Sternum

60
Q

A elderly patient is exhibiting skin tenting, what other symtoms might you expect with this client

A

Weakness
Confusion
Tachycardia
Depressed BP

61
Q

A patients normal weight is 165 pounds, and when they are weighed you obtain a weight of 74 kg. What is the deviation from thier normal weight in pounds

A

2.2 pounds

62
Q

This common occurrence in the eldery decreases drug metabolism which allows the drug to remain in the body longer and produce a greater effect

A

Decreased hepatic blood flow

63
Q

Does the nurse need a perscription from the HCP to mintor I and O?

A

No the nurse can initiate and continue intake and output without a provider perscription

64
Q

If the intake is greater than output what is an important assessment?

A

Auscutating the clients breath sounds. Fluid collection in the lungs can impair oxygen exchange and result in hypoxemia

65
Q

A pt. Has abnormal breath sounds, bilateral pitting edema, and jugular vien distention. What changes in pulse can be anticipated

A

Increase in pulse rate and volume

66
Q

Foods high in potassium

A

Banana, grapefruit, chicken, potato, tomato, spinach, beets, black beans, white beans, salmon, edemame, butternut and acorn squash yogurt beets, watermelon sweet potato

Nursing Lab / Normal.Values (18 decks)

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