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Nursing Lab / Normal.Values > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Lack of urine output

<100mL/ 24 hours

A

Anuria

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2
Q

A behavioral therapy designed to help patients control bothersome urinary urgency and frequency

A

Bladder training program

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3
Q

Irritation or imflammation of the bladder

A

Cystitus

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4
Q

Overfilling of the bladder resulting in muscle stretching- verified by physical assessment of the bladder

A

Distention

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5
Q

Caused by factors that prohibit or interfere with a patients access to the toilet or other acceptable recepticle for urine

A

Functional incontinence

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6
Q

Abnormal presence of blood in the urine

A

Hematuria

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7
Q

Urination; act of passing or expelling urine voluntarily through the urethra

A

Micturation

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8
Q

Diminished urinary output in relation to fluid intake <500mL / 24 hours or < 30mL / hour

A

Oliguria

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9
Q

Voiding excessive amounts of urine

A

Polyuria

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10
Q

Volume of urine remaining in the bladder after a normal voiding; the bladder normally is almost completely empty after micturation

A

Residual urine

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11
Q

Dribbling incontinence or urinary frequency with a full bladder- caused by chronic urinary retention

Inability to respond adequately to urge to void

A

Retention with overflow

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12
Q

What are factors that

Affect the volume of urine and the voiding process

A

1) growth and development
2) sociocultural factors
3) psychological factors
4) medication
5) daignostic examinations
6) muscle tone
7) interruption of flow

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13
Q

Ability to meet urinary needs and level of development- infant

A

1) lack of bladder control
2) immature kidneys and small bladder
3) unable to concentrate urine effectively
( Specific gravity around 1.008)
4) output 250-500mL q day
5) urinary control development age 2-5

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14
Q

Ability to meet urinary needs according to developmental level- preschooler

A

1) cognitive ability to respond to urge to void
2) accidents occur
3) girls should be taught to wipe front to back

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15
Q

Ability to meet urinary needs according to developmental level- school age children

A

1) kidneys double in size between ,5-10 years
2) larger bladder
3) urinate 6-8 times q day
4) Enuresis- involuntary passing of urine when control should have been established ( about 5 years old)
5) Noctura- bed wetting; involuntary passing of urine during sleep, not a problem until after age 6

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16
Q

Specific gravity of infant urine

A

1.008

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17
Q

Kidneys double in size between ages ?

A

5-10

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18
Q

Involuntary passing of urine when control should have been established

A

Enuresis

Control should be established by age 5

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19
Q

Bed wetting; involuntary passing of urine during sleep; not a problem until

A

NOCTURIA

NOT. A problem until age 6

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20
Q

Effect of age and developmental level on ability to meet urinary elimination need- eldery

A

1) decreased bladder capacity
2) 30% of nephrons lost by age 80
3) renal blood flow decreases
4) ability to concentrate urine decreases
5) bladder muscle tone decreases
6) risk for incontinence

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21
Q

30% of nephrons are lost by age _____?

A

80

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22
Q

Normal urine volume in 24hr

A

1500-2500mL

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23
Q

Composition of normal urine

A

94% water, 4% solutes

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24
Q

Normal urine pH

A

4.5-8

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25
Q

Alkaline urine common with _____

A

UTI

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26
Q

Normal.amount of acetone( ketones) in urine

A

0 none

27
Q

Normal.amount of protien in urine?

A

0- none, albumen in the urine is a sensitive indicator of kidney function

( Damage to glomerular membrane)

28
Q

Normal RBC in urine

A

0 ( except during menstruation )

29
Q

Acidic urine is common in diseases dealing with _______?

A

Metabolism

30
Q

Normal glucose in the urine

A

0

31
Q

WBC in the urine, normal value?

A

0-5 only present during infection or inflammation

32
Q

Compressed protien, cells, debris formed in the kidney tubules

A

Casts, normally 0 casts in the urine

33
Q

Normal.specific gravity of urine

A

1.010 - 1.025

34
Q

Identify essential data to be collected for a patient for a patient to meet the basic need of urinary elimination

A

1) through the patients eyes
2) self-care-ability
3) cultural considerations
4) pattern urination
5) symptoms of urinary alternations
6) physical assessment
7) intake and output
8) laboratory and diagnostic testing
9) diagnostic examinations

35
Q

Health promotion strategies relationship related to the basic need of urinary elimination

A

1) maintain adequate hydration
2) keep good voiding habits
3) prevent urinary tract infections
4) quit smoking
5) report changes in bladder habbits
6) keep your bowels regular

36
Q

Common problems with urinary elimination

A

1) dysuria
2) enuresis
3) frequency
4) NOCTURIA
5) retention
6) urgency
7) urinary incontinence

37
Q

Causes of dysuria

A

UTI, inflammation of prostate, urethritis, trauma, to the lower urinary tract, urinary tract tumors.

38
Q

Common causes of NOCTURIA (nocturnal anuresis)

A

Excess intake of fluids, bladder outlet obstruction, over reactive bladder, medication, cardiovascular disease, UTI

39
Q

Suddenly unable to void when bladder is adequately full or overfull

A

Acute retention

40
Q

Bladder doe not empty completely during voiding and urine is retained in the bladder ( happens all the time)

A

Chronic rentention

41
Q

Repeated involuntary urination in children beyond the age when voluntary bladder control is normally aquired

A

Enuresis

42
Q

Voiding more than 8 times during waking hours and or/ at decreased intervals such as less than every two hours

A

Frequency

43
Q

Inflammation of the urethra

A

Urethritis

44
Q

Common cuases of urinary frequency problems

A 
High fluid intake,
Bladder irritants
UTI 
Increased pressure on bladder( pregnancy) 
Bladder outlet obstruction 
Over reactive bladder
45
Q

Common cuases of urinary urgency

A

Full bladder, UTI, inflammation, or irritation of the vladder, overreactive bladder

46
Q

Common causes of rentention

A

Bladder outlet obstruction, absent or weak bladder contractility, side effects of medications

47
Q

Data which indicates the presence of urinary retention and imlaired urinary elimination

A

Distention, discomfort, feeling of pressure, tenderness over symphasis pubis, restlessness, diaphoresis

Small volume voiding, incontinence of small volumes of urine, no urinary output over several hour

Chronic- decrease in voiding vol. Straining to void, fequency, urgency, incontinence and sensation of incomplete emptying

48
Q

Incomplete emptying of the bladder

A

Urinary retention

49
Q

Defining characteristics of urinary retention

A

Absent urinary output, bladder distention, dribbling of urine, dysuria, frequent voiding overflow incontinence, residual urine, sensation of bladder fullness, small voiding

50
Q

Definition of impaired urinary elimination

A

Dysfunction in urine elimination

51
Q

Defining characteristics of impaired urinary elimination

A

Anatomic obstruction, multiple causality; sensory motor impairment; urinary tract infection

52
Q

Residual volume more that 150-250mL

A

Urinary retention

53
Q

Interventions for urinary retention

A

PMH ( past medical history)
Pain assessment
Physical assessment
Recognize retention as medical emergency
Review medications
Bladder scam
Attempt non-invasive methods of encouraging voiding
Insert catheter using CDC recommendations

54
Q

Interventions to promote comfort and maintain skin integrity

A

1) containment of urine
2) gentle skin cleansing with no-rinse pH balance cleanser
3) use of moisturizer
4) apply moisture barrier product

55
Q

A toilet schedule based on the patients usual voiding pattern

A

Habit training

56
Q

A program of toileting designed for patients with mild or moderate cognitive impairment

A

Prompted voiding

57
Q

Involves teaching patients how to indentify and contact pelvic floor muscles

A

Pelvic muscle exersizes

58
Q

Behavioral therapy designed to help patients control bothersome urinary urgency and frequency

A

Bladder training

59
Q

Nursing interventions in prevention or treatment of cystitis and UTI

A

A) EDUCATION
Maintain adequate fluid intake
Void when urge is felt before and after sex
Proper Peri care ( avoid bubble baths, harsh soaps and powder)
Avoid synthetic underwear
Avoid tight fitting clothes that restrict urethra

60
Q

When to empty the catheter drainage bag

A

1/2 full

61
Q

Keep the urinary drainage bag _______ the level of the bladder

A

Below

62
Q

Patients in acute care should have urinary catheters inserted useing ________ technique and _________ equipment

A

Aseptic technique

Sterile equipment

63
Q

Obtain urine samples from an indwelling catheter using the…..

A

Sample port
Clean the port with disinfectant
Use a sterile syringe/ cannula

Nursing Lab / Normal.Values (18 decks)

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