Communicable Disease Week 9 Flashcards
Common communicable diseases for children
A beta- hemolytic streptococci Influenza Impetigo Conjunctivitis Intestinal parasites
What is impetigo
Rash, highly contagious skin infection, transferred by skin to skin contact
What are common communicable dieases for young adults
Sexually transmitted disease
Epstein- Barr ( mono)
What are common communicable dieases for the eldery
Influenza
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Describe the use of standard precautions
Primary strategies for prevention of infection transmission, apply when in contact with body fluids, non intact skin, mucous membranes, and equipment or surfaces possibly contaminated with infectious material
Transmission based precautions
Designed for the care of patients who are known or suspected to be infected or colonized with microorganisms transmitted by droplet airborne or contact routes
Airborne precautions
Require room with negative air flow
HEPA filter which exausts air to outside
All HCP wear a N95 respirator
Droplet precautions
Surgical mask within 3 feet of the patient
Contact precautions
Gown and gloves
Describe cutaneous anthrax
Most common form, least lethal, spreads through spores entering through breaks in the skin, handling of contaminated animal products or working with infected animals
Describe inhalation anthrax
Most deadly/ lethal, inhaled spores from contaminated animal products or when working with animals, toxins cuase hemmorage and lung tissue destruction
Priority nursing diagnosis for a patient known or suspected to be infected with a communicable disease
Social isolation Anxiety Fatigue Risk for electrolyte inbalance Impaired breathing patern Impaired gas exchange Impaired skin integ Deficient knowledge
List modes of transmission for HIV
Sexual transmission
Contact with blood/ blood products
Perinatal
List the variable involved in the transmission of HIV
- Duration and frequency of contact
- Volume, virulence, and concentration of organism
- Host immune system
HIV testing process
- ELISA ( enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
Test for HIV anibodies - Wester blot test to confirm antibodies and diagnose
NYSDOH reglations for HIV testing of HCP
Manditory screening for bloodborne pathogens is not recommended. It takes some time to develop antibodies so infected individuals would not nessisarily yeild a positive to a screening test even if they are indeed infected
Describe HIV post exposure prophylaxis
PEP means taking antiretroviral medicines after being potentially exposed
Must be started within 72 hours of potential exposure( may reduce risk of 80%)
P pills
E effective- take asap
P plenty- 2-3 pills a day for a month
Health promotion strategies for HIV prevention
- Decrease risk associated with risky boning
- Decrease risk associated with drug use
- Decrease risk associated with perinatal (drugs)
- Decrease occupational risks- PPE
Priority nursing diagnosis for a person with HIV
Fear r/t possible death
Ineffective protection r/t depressed immune system
Precautions for Escherichia Coli ( Ecoli)
Standard
Precautions for salmonella
Standard
Clostridium difficile
Contact
Strep precautions
Although transmission by dropplet, dropplet precautions are not recommended by CDC
Legionnaires disease precautions
Droplet
Lyme’s disease
None/ standard
Influenza precautions
Droplet
oRSA/ MRSA precautions
Contact
CA-MRSA community aquired MRSA precautions
Contact
VRE - vancomycin resistant enterococci
Contact
Anthrax precautions
Standard
Precautions zika virus
Standard
Ebola precautions
Contact
CRE- Carbapenem- resistant enterobacteriaceae precautions
Contact
