Basic Need: Coping With Stress Week 9 Flashcards
A process of changing to better enable survival and function within and environment
Adaptation
Transition for better or worse in the course of a disease, usually indicated by marked change in intensity of signs and symptoms
1 stress overwhelms individual
2 results from failure of a person’s coping mechanisms
3 resulting in a turning point/ change in a person’s life
Crisis
Any event, situation, or other stimulus encountered in a person’s external or internal environment that nessesitates change or adaptation by the person
Stressor
An emotion or feeling of apprehension; aroused by an impending or seeming danger. Pain, or perceived threat
- May or may not be based on reality
- May be indentifiable
- May be present
- Specific and definite
- Related to a physical, psychological event, object or phenomenon
Fear
How a person interprets the impact of a stressor ; a personal evaluation of the meaning of the event to what is happening and a consideration of the resources on hand to help manage the stressors
Appraisal
Physiological or psychological tension that threatens homeostasis or a person’s psychological equilibrium
Stress
- A common reaction to stress
- A persistent feeling of dread, apprehension or foreboding
A state of mental uneasiness
Anxiety
The process by which the body responds to stressors in order to regain homeostasis
Allostasis
An unconscious pyschological mechanism that reduces anxiety arrising from stress and unacceptable or potentially harmful stimuli
Defense mechanism
Making an effort to manage psychological stress
- The person’s cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage a stressor
- The process by which a person consicously attempts to master, minimize, or tolerate stressors and problems in life
Coping
Stressors
Major life changes Work Relationship difficulty Financial worries Being too busy Children and family
Psychosocial stressors
Stressors
Inability to accept uncertainty Pessimism Negative self talk Unrealistic expectations Perfectionism Lack of assertiveness
Physiological stressors
Physical manifestations of stress
Pupils dialates Sweat Increased pulse Decreased peristalsis Blood sugar increases
Verbal manifestations or stress
Voice changes
Voice tremmors
Increased questioning
Difficult to understand
Motor manifestations of stress
Restlessness Tremors Inability to relax Sleeplessness Poor motor coordination
Psychological and emotional manifestations of stress
Anxiety Fear Anger Depression May cause one to question thier spiritual beliefs May affect relationships
Cognitive manifestations of stress
Problem solving Structuring Suppression Fantasy Self-control
Levels of anxiety
Vital signs are normal Not much muscle tension Thoughts are random but controlled Aware of different stimuli in environment Preforming habbits normally
Mild anxiety
Levels of anxiety
Vitals are normal but slightly elevated
Have tension but not uncomfortable
Alert and attentive
At perfect state of mind for solving problems
Feel ready, energized, and ready to learn
Voice and body language are interested and concerned
Moderate anxiety
Levels of anxiety
Going through fight or flight
Beginning alarm stage
Vitals become increased, appetite decreased
Problem solving is very difficult
Have selective attention- focus on detail
Block out threatening stimuli ay have aches and pains
Might feel irritable
Increased need for own space
Severe anxiety
Levels of anxiety
Physical symptoms escalate to dangerous stage
Might be pale, hearing mistakes, may not percieve pain
Feels like having a heart attack
Feeling helpless and loss of control
Feeling angry, lost, and completely disorganized
Panic
What are the three stages of selves general adaptation syndrome
Alarm stage
Resistence stage
Exhaustion stage
Stages of selyes general adaptation
CNS aroused- fight or flight
Increased hormones, increased blood volume, increased BP
Pupils dialate
If this continues the person moves toward the next stage
Alarm stage
Selyes general adaptation syndrome stages
1) cominuation of fight or flight
2) body stabilizes
3) hormones, bp, p should return to normal
4) body trys to repair
5) body defenses become weaker because of consumed energy
6) body remains on guard particularly when stressor presist
Resistence stage
Selye’s general adaptation syndrome stages
1) continuous stress causes breakdown of compensatory mechanisms
2) occurs when the body is no longer able to resist the effects of the stressor and reduce their harmful impact because adaptive energy is drained
3) the gate to burnout or stress overload
4) can lead to health issue HTN depression, sleep deprivation, chronic fatigue, autoimmune disorders
5) if stressor is not alleviated death will occur
Exhaustion stage
Unconscious ego defense mechanisms
Denial
Regression
Displacement
Avoiding emotional conflicts by refusing to consicously acknowledge anything that causes intolerable emotional pain
Denial
Coping with a stressor through actions and behavoirs associated with an earlier developmental period
Regression
Transferring emotions, ideas, or wishes from a stressful situation to less anxiety producing substitute
Displacement
Denial
Regression and displacement are all examples
Unconsious Ego defense mechanisms
Three factors influencing stress
Situational
Maturational
Sociocultural
Factor influencing stress that arises from personal job or family changes
E.g. promotion, burnout, rotating shifts, chronic illness, downsizing, etc
Situational
Factors influencing stress
Stressors that vary with life stage
E.g. physical appearance, peer groups, beginning a family or career, accepting aging, change in family structure
Maturational stress factors
Factors influencing stress
Environmental, cultural, social stressors
Eg. Prolonged poverty, physical handicap, violence, disintegrating nieghborhoods, homelessness, gender roles, family relationships
Sociocultural factors influencing stress
Effect of stress on basic physiological needs
Altered elimination patern, changes in appetite, altered sleep patern
Effects of stress on basic need for safety and security
Inattention to safety matters, nervousness and feeling of being threatened, focus on stress
Effects of stress on basic need of self esteem
Failure to socialize with others, becomes a workaholic, draws attention to self
Effects of stress on basic need self actualization
Preoccupied with own problem, shows lack of control, unable to accept reality
Identify health promotion activities which may assist an individual in coping with stress
1) regular exercise
2) support system
3) time management
4) nutrition
5) sleep/ rest
6) guided imagery and visualization
7) progressive muscle relaxation
8) assertiveness training
9) journal writing
10) mindfulness-based stress reduction
Generic name for Ativan
Lorazepam
Use of lorazepam
Anxiety, irritability, with pyschiatric or organic disorders, pre-op, insomnia, achohol withdrawl seizure prophylaxis,
Side effects of lorazepam/Ativan
Dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, apnea, tachycardia, unsteadiness
Nursing implications for lorazepam/ Ativan
Habit forming, may increase cognitive impairment in older adults, avoid alcohol and other pyschotropic meds
Ativan/ lorazepam action
Sedative, hypnotic, anti-anxiety
Define nursing diagnosis anxiety
A feeling of discomfort cussed by anticipation of danger, accompanied by autonomic response
Response to percieved threat that is consicously recognized as danger
Nanda definition of fear
