Week 7

Question 1

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues

Answer 1

Edema

Question 2

Major functions of water in the body

Answer 2

1) moistens tissues
2) protects body organs and tissues
3) helps prevent constipation
4) helps dissolve minerals and other nutrients
5) regulates body temp
6) lubricates joints
7) lessens burden on kidneys and liver by flushing out waste products
8) carries nutrients to cells

Question 3

Major functions of electrolytes

Answer 3

1) regulate water distribution
2) transmit nerve impulses
3) govern acid base balance

Question 4

Main fluid compartments of the body

Answer 4

1) intracellular fluid
2) extracellular fluid
Intravascular
Extravascular
Interstitial fluid
Transcellular
Cerebrospinal
Plueral
Synovial
Peritoneal

Question 5

Major electrolytes of extracellular compartment

Answer 5

Sodium
Regulates water movent
Processed food, table salt, IV fluids

Question 6

Major electrolytes of intracellular compartment

Answer 6

Potassium
Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
Sources banana, figs oranges IV fluids, medications

Question 7

Health people reciveve ______ml of fluids with electrolytes from metabolic oxidation per day

Answer 7

300mL

Question 8

Healthy individuals get ______ml of fluids from food per day

Answer 8

800-1000ml

Question 9

Healthy individuals get _______ml fluids from coffee tea soda water

Answer 9

1100-1400

Question 10

Total volume of fluids and electrolytes consumed each day

Answer 10

2200-2700

Question 11

Identify routes by which electrolytes are eliminated from the body

Answer 11

Skin
Lungs
GI tract
Kidneys

Question 12

Output via skin

Answer 12

500-600ml Q day

Question 13

Output via urine

Answer 13

1200-1500ml q day

Question 14

Output via feces q day

Answer 14

100-200ml

Question 15

What’s are insensible fluid losses

Answer 15

Lungs, sweat/skin

Question 16

Total insensible losses per day

Answer 16

900-1000ml

Question 17

Describe the body’s adaptive mechanisms that help maintain fluid balance

Answer 17

Thyroid gland
Lungs
Cardiovascular system 
GI tract 
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland 
Kidney RAAS

Question 18

Describe the renin agiotensin system

Answer 18

Decreased blood volume
Decreased blood flow to kidneys 
Increases renin, which increases angiotensin which increases aldosterone 
Stimulates kidneys to absorb sodium 
Blood volume returns to normal

Question 19

Signs of dehydration

Answer 19

1) thirst
2) less frequent urinating
3) dark urine
4) low BP
4) low pulse pressure
6) increased p rate
7) dizziness
8) fatigue
9) acute mental status
10) dry skin
11) light headedness

Question 20

Signs of dehydration in infants in young children

Answer 20

1) dry diaper 3 hours or more
2) no tears when crying
3) sunken eyes or cheeks, sunken spot in skull
4) high fever
5) listlessness irritability

Question 21

Things to consider when weighing a patient

Answer 21

Same clothing
Same time a day
Same scale
Calibrate scale

Question 22

Serum cholide

Answer 22

96-105 mEq/L

Question 23

Serum sodium

Answer 23

135-145mEq /L

Question 24

Serum potassium

Answer 24

3.5-5 mEq/L

Question 25

Blood pH

Answer 25

7.35-7.45

Question 26

Alkaline urine is common with

Answer 26

UTI

Question 27

Acidic urine is common with diseases

Answer 27

Of metabolism

Question 28

Protien in the urine is an indicator of

Answer 28

Kidney function

Question 29

Glucose in the urine indicates

Answer 29

DM

Question 30

Ketones in the urine would indicate

Answer 30

Poor control of diabetes

Patients with dehydration starvation or accessive aprin ingestion

Question 31

Casts in the urine indicate

Answer 31

Renal disease

Question 32

Factors that effect fluid and electrolytes balance

Answer 32

Age 
Gender 
Environment
Dietary intake 
Lifestyle 
Illness
Medication

Question 33

Normal urine output per hour

Answer 33

40-80 ml q hour

Min 30 ml per hour