Week 7 Flashcards
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues
Edema
Major functions of water in the body
1) moistens tissues
2) protects body organs and tissues
3) helps prevent constipation
4) helps dissolve minerals and other nutrients
5) regulates body temp
6) lubricates joints
7) lessens burden on kidneys and liver by flushing out waste products
8) carries nutrients to cells
Major functions of electrolytes
1) regulate water distribution
2) transmit nerve impulses
3) govern acid base balance
Main fluid compartments of the body
1) intracellular fluid
2) extracellular fluid
Intravascular
Extravascular
Interstitial fluid
Transcellular
Cerebrospinal
Plueral
Synovial
Peritoneal
Major electrolytes of extracellular compartment
Sodium
Regulates water movent
Processed food, table salt, IV fluids
Major electrolytes of intracellular compartment
Potassium
Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
Sources banana, figs oranges IV fluids, medications
Health people reciveve ______ml of fluids with electrolytes from metabolic oxidation per day
300mL
Healthy individuals get ______ml of fluids from food per day
800-1000ml
Healthy individuals get _______ml fluids from coffee tea soda water
1100-1400
Total volume of fluids and electrolytes consumed each day
2200-2700
Identify routes by which electrolytes are eliminated from the body
Skin
Lungs
GI tract
Kidneys
Output via skin
500-600ml Q day
Output via urine
1200-1500ml q day
Output via feces q day
100-200ml
What’s are insensible fluid losses
Lungs, sweat/skin
Total insensible losses per day
900-1000ml
Describe the body’s adaptive mechanisms that help maintain fluid balance
Thyroid gland Lungs Cardiovascular system GI tract Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Kidney RAAS
Describe the renin agiotensin system
Decreased blood volume Decreased blood flow to kidneys Increases renin, which increases angiotensin which increases aldosterone Stimulates kidneys to absorb sodium Blood volume returns to normal
Signs of dehydration
1) thirst
2) less frequent urinating
3) dark urine
4) low BP
4) low pulse pressure
6) increased p rate
7) dizziness
8) fatigue
9) acute mental status
10) dry skin
11) light headedness
Signs of dehydration in infants in young children
1) dry diaper 3 hours or more
2) no tears when crying
3) sunken eyes or cheeks, sunken spot in skull
4) high fever
5) listlessness irritability
Things to consider when weighing a patient
Same clothing
Same time a day
Same scale
Calibrate scale
Serum cholide
96-105 mEq/L
Serum sodium
135-145mEq /L
Serum potassium
3.5-5 mEq/L
Blood pH
7.35-7.45
Alkaline urine is common with
UTI
Acidic urine is common with diseases
Of metabolism
Protien in the urine is an indicator of
Kidney function
Glucose in the urine indicates
DM
Ketones in the urine would indicate
Poor control of diabetes
Patients with dehydration starvation or accessive aprin ingestion
Casts in the urine indicate
Renal disease
Factors that effect fluid and electrolytes balance
Age Gender Environment Dietary intake Lifestyle Illness Medication
Normal urine output per hour
40-80 ml q hour
Min 30 ml per hour
