Week 8 Flashcards
cilia trap and remove foreign particles
bronchi
secrete mucous to assist in removing the foreign particles
mucous memebranes
macrophages to eat bacteria
gas exchange takes place
alveoli
the system is goverened by
CNS
inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes
rhinitis
what are the S/S of rhinitis
sneezing, nasal discharge, nasal congestion
what are the causes of rhinitis
common cold, infection, foreign body, allergies, deviated septum
inflammation of the nasal mucosa because of allergic reaction
Allergic rhinitis
What are the S/S of allergic Rhinitis
sneezing, discharge, congestion
what are the causes of allergic rhinitis
exposure to allergens antigen antibody reaction occurs histamine is released that causes blood flow to increase to nares capillaries becomes runny nose and eyes
H1 receptor antagonist
antihistamine
Antihistamine do what
compete h1 receptor site
do not prevent histamine release
reduce symptoms of allergic reactions
are more effective if taken before the start of allergic reaction
What are antihistamine side effects
sedation, drying effects, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, dry mouth
What are the nursing intervention for antihistamine
monitor I and O monitor respiratory status monitor cardiac status administer with food or milk provide oral care for dry mouth potentiate the effects of narcoticso
movement of air in and out of the lungs
ventilation
blood flow through the pulmonary capillaries to alveoli where gas is exchanged
perfusion
gas exchange by passive process
diffusion
mucous glands in the respiratory tract that create fluids
globlet cells
What does nasal decongestants do
reduce swelling by constricting the nasal blood bessels
relief rhinitis associated with URI
contraindicated in patients with Severe HTN Coranary artery disease
WHat are the precautionary use of Nasal Decongestants
takingin anitdepressants
rebound nasal swelling with excessive use
Use with caution when patients taken Nasal Decongestants
cardiac arrythmia
hyperthyroid
diebetes mellitis
What are the nursing intervention of nasal decongestatn
Monitor I and o
monitor cardiac and respiratory status
observe nasal buring, stinging and drynes
narrow airway passage, create turbulance, cause resistance to air flow
obstructive airway disease
lung expansion is limited due to loss of elesticity or physical deformity of the chest
restrictive airway disease
what is an example of both obstructive and restrictive airway disease
COPD
What is COPD
umbrella term that cover emphysema chronic bronchitis bronchiectasis refractory asthma
an imflammation disease of the brinchi and bronchioles
asthma
irritation causes inflammation and edema with excessive mucous secretion leading to airway obstruction
chronic bronchitis
what are the causes of chronic bronchits
smoke exposure
grain and coal dust exposre
air pollution
disease of the alveolor tissue that causes the alveolor air sacs to lose elactisity and collapse during exhalation , trapping air in the lung
emphysema
atelectasis=
air sac collapse
liquefy mucous
exectorants
supress cough center in brain
antitussives
reduce the stickiness of the secretions
mucolytic agents
relax smooth muscle in bronchi
bronchodilators
reduce inflammtions
anti inflammatory
enhances output of respiratory tract fluid
decrease mucous viscosity and promotes cilary action
when patient cough plegm can come up
drug guaifenesin
what is benzonate used for
supress cough center of medulla oblagota
what are expectoarnts and atitussive used for
treat cough r/t pneumonia, tb, bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, emphysema
what are the adverse affects of expectorant and antiussives
nausa dowsiness and dizziness
what are the nursing interventions of exporant and antitussives
increase fluids to liquify secretions
humidfy room or oxygen
avoid smoke or other respiratory irritants
acts by dissolving chemical bond within the muccous causing it to seperate and liquify reducing its viscosity
drug acetylcysteine
relax bronchial smooth muscle
sympathomimetic adrenergic
inhibit interaction of acetylcholine at receptor sites on the bronchial smooth muscle
sympathomimetic anticholinergic
are fatty signaling molecules that trigger contractions in the smooth muscle lining the trachea . Their over production is a major cause of imflammation is asthma and allergic rhiniitis
leukotrienes
are used to treat disease by inhibiting the production or activity of leukotrienes
leukotrienes antagonists
