Week 11 Flashcards
concentration normal value
1.010-1.030
pH slightly acidic normal
5.5 7.0
glucosuria
sugar in urine
proteinuria and when does it occur
protein in urine
stress, strenous exercise, disorders of glomeruli
blood in urine
Hematuria
ketonuria
ketones in the urine
less than 100 mL urine
Anuria
painful difficult urination
dysuria
getting up more than 2 time a night to void
nocturia
decreased urine output less than 400 in 24 h
oliguria
excessive urine output greater than 1500 mL in 24h
polyuria
what is the adequate renal perfusion
an hourly urine ouput of 30 mL h
less than this means kidneys are not getting adequate perfusion
which leads to tissue death
urethral blockage
bladder unable to empty properly
overflow incontinence
relaxed pelvic floor
increased abdominal pressure
stress incontinance
bladder over sensitivity from infection
neurological disorder
urge incontinence
How do diuretics help
^ the flow of urine
mainly treat HTN
also treat:
cerebral edema, intracular pressure associated with glacoma, ascites, hypercalemia
osmotic diuretic does what
^ the solute load of the glomercuar filtrate
which create osmotic pressure
then water shift to decrease th osmotic pressure
so they prevent reabsorption of water
what cause 80% UTIs
escherichia coli
What is another name for Urinary anticholinergic medication
urinary antispasmodic acents
what are antispasmodic accents/urinary anticholinergic medication used for
treat overactive bladder
what is over active bladder
frequency of more than 8 time a day
urgency
incontinence
What does Oxybutynin do to the body
blocks the cholinergic receptors of the detrusor muscle of the bladder, causing relaxation
what are the problems with Oxybutynins
cholinergic receptors are found throughout the body so many adverse reaction
Adverse reactions of Oxybutynins
dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, confusion, sedation
