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Drugs And Dosage Midterm > week 10 > Flashcards

week 10 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a pulse pressure

A

it is indicator of the tone of the arterial blood vessel walls

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2
Q

blood pleasure =

A

cardiac output x peripheral vascular residence

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3
Q

cardiac output=

A

stroke volume x heart rate

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4
Q

peripheral vascular residence =

A

MAP-CVP/CO

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5
Q

what is stroke volume

A

volume of blood ejected in a single contraction of the left ventricle

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6
Q

what is heart rate

A

is the number of beats in one mine

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7
Q

what is hypertension

A

increase of systolic, diastolic,

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8
Q

what are the causes or primary HTN

A

UNKNOWN

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9
Q

What are the causes of secondary HTN

A

sleep apnea, drug induced, chronic kidney disease, thyroid disorders

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10
Q

S/S of HTN

A

MAY not have S/S

headache N/V visual disturbance, drowsiness ringing in ears, numbness or tingling in extremitites

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11
Q

Treatment of HTN

A

reduce frequency of cardiovascular disease
BP below 140/90
lifestyle modification

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12
Q

medication to treat HTN

A

thiazide (hydrochlorothyzide
Loop diuretics (Lasix)
potassium sparing diuretic (aldactone)

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13
Q

medication to treat HTN Beat blockers

What do they do

A

inhibit cardiac response to sympathetic nerve stimulation

this slows the heart rate down, decrease cardiac output which lowers blood pulse

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14
Q

what are the problems with beta blockers to treat HTN

A

bot effective in African American
should be avoided in patients with asthma
avoid with patient that have diabete type 1
onset rapid

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15
Q

Ace inhibitors

A

has the ending or “pril”
can be used alone or in conjunction
orthostatic hypertension in older adults

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16
Q

How do Ace Inhibitors work

A

renin is secreted by kidney
renin converts angiotensionogen

angiotensionogen 2 is potent vasocontrictor

17
Q

Angiotension 2 does what

A

constricts the blood vessels and increase blood pressure
promotes aldosterone secretion
which cause sodium rentention, increase bp, enhance cardiac output

18
Q

What are the problems with ace inhibitors

A

not effective in african americans
1/3 of people taking the med will have chronic cough
may cause hyperkalemia because inhibits aldosterone
antacids will dimish absorption of ace drugs

19
Q

what drug inhibits calcium ions across a cell membrane

A

calcium channel blockers

20
Q

calcium channel blockers causes what affects

A

vasodilation and reduced B/P

21
Q

what does HTN meds cause (afffects)

A

dizziness, postural hypotension, which puts the patient at risk for falling

22
Q

number one treatment for angina?

and what do they do to the body

A

(nitrate) relax peripheral vessel smooth muscle
open up blood flow and reduce blood return to heart
decrease oxygen needs to the heart
open coronary blood vessels to enhance oxygen delivery

23
Q

S/S cramping in legs tightness and weakness

A

peripheral vascular disease

24
Q

drugs used to treat clots

A

aspirin, lovenox, heperin, integralin, TPA, TNKase

25
Q

how does aspirin treat clots

A

does not dissolve the clot
inhibits platelet aggregation

prior to giving check gi bleeding histroy and coagulant level

26
Q

how does lovenox treat clots

A

safer to use because it targets specific parts of the coagulation cascade
no antiplatelt activity
Primary use to treat DVT after surgery

27
Q

How does heperin treat clots

A

prevents clots from forming
will not dissolve a clot that is already formed
used to prevent post operative clots
prevent DVT, PE, MI

28
Q

antidote for bleeding

A

protamine sulfate

29
Q

Medication for PVD

and what does it do to the body

A 
Trental
not an anticogulant
^ RBC flexibilty
decrease fibrinogen
prevent aggregation of RBC and platelets
decrese viscosity of blood which ^ blood flow to microcirculation of extemities
30
Q

What are the two PVD

A

arterial, venous

31
Q

What are the cause of thrombus formation

A

Venous status, surgery, trauma to lower extrem. heart failure, pregnancy, hereditary

Drugs And Dosage Midterm (15 decks)

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