week 10 Flashcards
what is a pulse pressure
it is indicator of the tone of the arterial blood vessel walls
blood pleasure =
cardiac output x peripheral vascular residence
cardiac output=
stroke volume x heart rate
peripheral vascular residence =
MAP-CVP/CO
what is stroke volume
volume of blood ejected in a single contraction of the left ventricle
what is heart rate
is the number of beats in one mine
what is hypertension
increase of systolic, diastolic,
what are the causes or primary HTN
UNKNOWN
What are the causes of secondary HTN
sleep apnea, drug induced, chronic kidney disease, thyroid disorders
S/S of HTN
MAY not have S/S
headache N/V visual disturbance, drowsiness ringing in ears, numbness or tingling in extremitites
Treatment of HTN
reduce frequency of cardiovascular disease
BP below 140/90
lifestyle modification
medication to treat HTN
thiazide (hydrochlorothyzide
Loop diuretics (Lasix)
potassium sparing diuretic (aldactone)
medication to treat HTN Beat blockers
What do they do
inhibit cardiac response to sympathetic nerve stimulation
this slows the heart rate down, decrease cardiac output which lowers blood pulse
what are the problems with beta blockers to treat HTN
bot effective in African American
should be avoided in patients with asthma
avoid with patient that have diabete type 1
onset rapid
Ace inhibitors
has the ending or “pril”
can be used alone or in conjunction
orthostatic hypertension in older adults
How do Ace Inhibitors work
renin is secreted by kidney
renin converts angiotensionogen
angiotensionogen 2 is potent vasocontrictor
Angiotension 2 does what
constricts the blood vessels and increase blood pressure
promotes aldosterone secretion
which cause sodium rentention, increase bp, enhance cardiac output
What are the problems with ace inhibitors
not effective in african americans
1/3 of people taking the med will have chronic cough
may cause hyperkalemia because inhibits aldosterone
antacids will dimish absorption of ace drugs
what drug inhibits calcium ions across a cell membrane
calcium channel blockers
calcium channel blockers causes what affects
vasodilation and reduced B/P
what does HTN meds cause (afffects)
dizziness, postural hypotension, which puts the patient at risk for falling
number one treatment for angina?
and what do they do to the body
(nitrate) relax peripheral vessel smooth muscle
open up blood flow and reduce blood return to heart
decrease oxygen needs to the heart
open coronary blood vessels to enhance oxygen delivery
S/S cramping in legs tightness and weakness
peripheral vascular disease
drugs used to treat clots
aspirin, lovenox, heperin, integralin, TPA, TNKase
how does aspirin treat clots
does not dissolve the clot
inhibits platelet aggregation
prior to giving check gi bleeding histroy and coagulant level
how does lovenox treat clots
safer to use because it targets specific parts of the coagulation cascade
no antiplatelt activity
Primary use to treat DVT after surgery
How does heperin treat clots
prevents clots from forming
will not dissolve a clot that is already formed
used to prevent post operative clots
prevent DVT, PE, MI
antidote for bleeding
protamine sulfate
Medication for PVD
and what does it do to the body
Trental not an anticogulant ^ RBC flexibilty decrease fibrinogen prevent aggregation of RBC and platelets decrese viscosity of blood which ^ blood flow to microcirculation of extemities
What are the two PVD
arterial, venous
What are the cause of thrombus formation
Venous status, surgery, trauma to lower extrem. heart failure, pregnancy, hereditary
