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PSYC122 > Week 8 > Flashcards

Week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of language

A

phonemes; morphemes; semantics; syntax

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2
Q

phonemes (sounds)

A

acoustic speech sounds that express meaning
around 200 human made sounds
single unit of sound that changes meaning

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3
Q

allophonic

A

acoustically different but not functionally different

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4
Q

differ in sets of phonemes

A

also, may have similar speech sounds but used in different way

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5
Q

morphemes

A

smallest language units that carry meaning

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6
Q

unbound/free morphemes

A

words

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7
Q

bound morphemes

A

affixes, suffixes

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8
Q

content morphemes

A

map onto concepts
unit of semantic memory

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9
Q

grammatical function morphemes

A

syntactic processing relies on processing function words (unbound morphemes)

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10
Q

semantic processing relies

A

on processing content words

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11
Q

syntactic processing

A

relies on processing function words

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12
Q

aphasia

A

inability to produce and understand language

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13
Q

broca’s aphasia

A

inability to process syntax

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14
Q

language relevant brain areas

A

right handed people: left hemisphere, mostly lower edge of frontal lobe & upper edge of temporal lobe

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15
Q

broca’s area

A

located near areas that control speech muscles

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16
Q

syntax refers to

A

structure of language -> phrases and sentences

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17
Q

wernicke’s aphasia

A

left temporal lobe , next to primary auditory cortex, translates sounds into meaning

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18
Q

syntax cued by

A

morphology
semantics

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19
Q

HAS

A

high amplitude sucking
controls how long they hear the sound

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20
Q

habituation

A

infants get bored quickly
they’ve gotten used to it

21
Q

categorical

A

perception of consonant sounds becomes categorical -> different categories of sound

22
Q

ba and pa

A

25msec difference in VOT

23
Q

VOT

A

time interval between release of consonant and onset of voicing

24
Q

cooing

A

2 months

25
Q

reduplicated babbling

A

6-7months
same syllable over and over

26
Q

variegated babbling

A

11-12months
syllables with different consonants and vowels

27
Q

infants make limited set of sounds because

A

shape of infant vocal tract
development of motor cortex

28
Q

underextension

A

eg dog only for family dog but not other dogs

29
Q

overextension

A

eg dog refers to dogs and cats

30
Q

why are overextensions made

A

difficult sounds to say
one word easier to retrieve

31
Q

holophrase

A

single word stands for an entire statement

32
Q

theories of how children acquire language

A

nativist, general learning capacities, social learning

33
Q

nativist view

A

children are biologically predisposed to learn language

34
Q

language bioprogram hypothesis

A

children are innately predisposed to acquire the syntax of language

35
Q

language acquistion device

A

core language knowledge

36
Q

poverty of the stimulus

A

linguistic input is not rich enough to explain why children show competence with language

37
Q

sensitive period

A

ideal time for acquiring certain parts of language

38
Q

two different pathways of development

A

acquiring words vs acquiring syntax
different rates of progress seen in them

39
Q

general learning capacities

A

children use domain general skills
children have highly developed pattern recognition systems

40
Q

word boundaries

A

where words start and stop

41
Q

artificial grammar

A

set of sounds creates ‘words’

42
Q

social learning

A

spend enough time around others
response to innate explanations to language learning

43
Q

parentese

A

simplified speech
exaggerated intonation

44
Q

social contexts of early word learning

A

parents let child’s behaviours guide their talk
words refer to things: children learn gaze and objects are connected

45
Q

independent cultures

A

internal attributes most salient
self-concept separate from group
personal goals will take priority over group goals

46
Q

interdependent cultures

A

social role most salient
self concept is part of the group
group goals take priority
relationships crucial

47
Q

child-centred talk

A

caregivers adapt talk to childs level: independent cultures

48
Q

situation-centred talk

A

child learns to adapt to situation: interdependent cultures

PSYC122 (13 decks)

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