Week 7

Question 1

memory

Answer 1

not a filing cabinet
organized in a way that makes relationships between memories

Question 2

problems we may have in memory

Answer 2

availability and accessibility

Question 3

availability

Answer 3

whether item is in memory
forgetting is failure of this

Question 4

accessibility

Answer 4

item can be retrieved from memory
retrieval is failure of this - info is still there, needs cues, couldn’t find on their own

Question 5

prompts

Answer 5

free recall < cued recall < recognition

Question 6

state dependent memory

Answer 6

state you learnt something = state you better recall it in
eg classroom, underwater etc

Question 7

cue dependency priniciple

Answer 7

strength of memory depends on the number and informativeness of its cues

Question 8

encoding specificity principle

Answer 8

cues most effective if they are encoded along with to-be-remembered information

Question 9

forgetting curve

Answer 9

don’t learning something well - fast drop off
overlearning leads to stable remembering

Question 10

SAVINGS

Answer 10

the reduction in time required to learn a second time

Question 11

Bahrick et al (1975)

Answer 11

test memory over period of decades - using their yearbooks

Question 12

explicit memory

Answer 12

memory you can talk about

Question 13

five causes of memory failure

Answer 13

failure to encode/consolidate
decay
retrieval failure
interference
intentional forgetting

Question 14

infantile amnesia

Answer 14

memory from 0-4

Question 15

retroactive interference

Answer 15

recent memories interfere with ability to retrieve older memories

Question 16

proactive interference

Answer 16

old memories interfere with the ability to retrieve newer memories

Question 17

facilitation vs suppression

Answer 17

facilitation: words that have been recalled during testing are better recalled than baseline words
suppression: word that have been suppressed durig testing are more poorly recalled than bsaeling words

Question 18

suppression vs repression

Answer 18

suppression: consciously keeping memory out of awareness; adaptative; evidence based

Question 19

repression

Answer 19

unconsciously blocking memory from awareness; maladaptive; not supported by evidence

Question 20

anterograde amnesia

Answer 20

don’t form a new memory after brain trauma

Question 21

retrograde amnesia

Answer 21

don’t remember anything from before brain trauma occurs

Question 22

HM kept vs lost

Answer 22

lost:
ability to form new episodic memories
ability to learn new words (few exceptions)
events several years before the surgery
kept:
short-term memory
semantic memory
intelligence
personality largely intact
memories for childhood/young adulthood
sense of self
implicity memory

Question 23

HM improvement

Answer 23

at tasks despite having not specific memory of doing

Question 24

hippocampus

Answer 24

not where memories are stored
creates memory traces by binding ideas together
consolidates those memories
transfers memories to cortext

Question 25

story

Answer 25

narrative gist remained the same
omissions - stories got shorter; culturally unfamiliar details omitted
normalizations - details changed to match participant culture

Question 26

schema

Answer 26

understanding of a situation

Question 27

schema theory

Answer 27

memories are not reproduced, they are reconstructed
used to understand the world
used to remember/talk about the world

Question 28

office schema

Answer 28

most commonly remembered items
identified items not actually there
not as many items identified that weren’t consistent with schema

Question 29

scripts

Answer 29

how to behave; what to expect
outside the script - memorable

Question 30

encoding

Answer 30

we encode items/events
we encode our inferences/assumptions - drawn from scripts and schemas
new information is incorporated into our existing memory

Question 31

retrieval

Answer 31

we reactivate components of the memory
we reactivate the script/schema
every time we retrieve a memory, we revise it based on our current script/schema