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PSYC122 > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

cells of the nervous system

A

neurons, glia

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2
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

scientific study of biological & neural processes underlying mental processes
the science of how the brain creates the mind

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3
Q

functions of the nervous system

A

receive sensory information from the environment
integrates & processes info
regulates internal functions
produces motor actions

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4
Q

different levels of observation of the body

A

body, systems, organs, tissues, cells, genes

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5
Q

parts of the nervous system

A

central and peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

CNS

A

brain & spinal cord

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7
Q

PNS

A

autonomic (internal regulation) & somatic (skeletal muscles)

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8
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic (arousing) & parasympathetic (calming)

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9
Q

autonomic

A

involuntary, automatic activity
controls & regulates blood vessels, organs and glands

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10
Q

sympathetic

A

increases arousals, prepares body for survival-related action

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11
Q

four f’s

A

sympathetic nervous system
fighting, fleeing, feeding, mating

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12
Q

PNS composed of

A

nerves - which are a bundle of axons

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13
Q

parasympathetic

A

reduces arousal, returns body to resting state

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14
Q

neuraxis

A

central axis on the nervous system

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15
Q

front of the nervous system (front of the brain top of the nervous system)

A

rostral or anterior

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15
Q

back end of spinal cord or brain is

A

caudal or posterior

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15
Q

above the neuraxis - top of brain, back of spinal cord

A

dorsal

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16
Q

below the neuraxis - bottom of brain, front of spinal cord

A

ventral

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17
Q

position of neuraxis

A

horizontal in brain, vertical in spinal cord

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18
Q

lateral

A

towards/on the side

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19
Q

medial

A

in/towards the middle

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20
Q

grey matter

A

tissue where there’s mostly cell bodies

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21
Q

white matter

A

where there’s mostly myelinated axons

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22
Q

information of the spinal nerve

A

goes in through the dorsal out the ventral

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23
grey matter lines on the outside - surface of the brain
the cortex
24
grey matter on the inside
subcortical structures
25
one way to look at the brain
horizontal/axial/transverse
26
side of the brain
sagittal
27
parallel to the face
coronal
28
hindbrain
coordinates info flow to/from the spinal cord
29
medulla
extension of the spinal cord controls basic life functions
30
reticular formation
network of neurons regulates sleep/wake, arousal
31
cerebellum
controls fine motor function
32
pons
relays info cerebellum <-> rest of the brain
33
midbrain anterior ventral
tegmentum
34
midbrain posterior/dorsal
tectum
35
midbrain
coordinates basic functions related to perception and action
36
tectum
spatial orientating to the environment
37
tectum structure
4 bubble like structures two top ones: superior colliculi: vision two bottom ones: inferior colliculi: audiiton
38
tegmentum
movement, automatic responses to environment arousal & pleasure seeking
39
substantia nigra
part of the tegmentum high levels of dopamine
40
forebrain
subcortical & cortex structures
41
basal ganglia
plan initiation of intentional movement
42
thalamus
relays & filters info from the sense to the cortex
43
limbic system
arousal & emotional processing
44
hypothalamus
regulates internal body functions
45
pituitary gland
regulates hormones
46
hippocampus
spatial navigation creates and integrates new memories
47
amygdala
emotional processing & memory
48
outside surface of the cortex
gyrus
49
where the cortex disappears
sulcus
50
hemispheres connected by
corpus callosum
51
brain floats in
cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF)
52
empty spaces in the brain
filled with CSF, made in the brain
53
ventricles of the brain
2 lateral ventricles interventricular foramen third ventricle aqueduct of the midbrain fourth ventricle
54
choroid plexus
inside lateral ventricles, collection of blood vessels specialized to secrete CSF
55
primary somatosensory cortext
post central gyrus primary region that processes touch on the skin
56
primary motor cortex
precentral gyrus
57
what the body looks like to the brain
motor homunculus somatosensory homunculus
58
occipital lobe
primary visual cortex vision
59
temporal lobe
semantic knowledge word meanings object identification audition primary auditory cortex
60
parietal lobe
spatial attention sensory integration object location numbers/quantities
61
frontal lobe
planning abstract thinking executive control
62
part of the brain that only does one thing?
does not exist
63
function that only occurs in one part of the brain
does not exist
64
neurons in the eye
called photo receptors/light receptors
65
fovea
center of our visual field
66
optic nerve
axons that take info out of our eye come together and leave the eye in a bundle
67
spatial summation
electric process where the voltage of the cell body changes analogue moves smoothly between numbers
68
action potential
electric all or nothing digital
69
neurotransmitter release
chemical when the action potential has reached the terminal
70
place cells & grid cells
give an idea of where someone is based on the space around it
71
flexor muscles
causes bending
72
extensory muscles
cause joint to unbend/stretch
73
inside muscle
is a sensory neuron enters from the dorsal side
74
forms 2 synapse
one motor neuron to the extensor muscle - positive other branch goes to interneuron - negative, inhibits motor neuron from firing to the flexor muscle
75
human brain estimated
86 billion & 860 trillion synapses
76
neural computation & modelling
stimulate neural circuits in a computer
77
connectionism/neural network models
explains rules for how neurons fire includes hidden layers
78
brain is like a computer
myth/its complicated neurons do perform computations but computers: digital brain: digital and analogue
79
brain vs. computer
computer: fast, accurate better at algorithmic tasks brain: slow, approximate, better at 'fuzzy' tasks - language etc
80
polygraph machine detects lies
status incorrect they measure arousal - blood pressure, heart & breathing rates, skin conductance etc
81
polygraph assumption
lying is stressful - increases arousal not always true
82
sensation loss in left arm
dorsal damage in spinal cord
83
can not move right arm
ventral horns or ventral roots damage
84
myth: right artistic, left logical
status: disorted, exaggeration, over-simplified hemisphere differences do exist but not like this
85
lateralization
tend for some functions to be specialized to one side of the brain
86
left side of the brain is better at
sequences, details
87
right side of the brain is better at
spatial arrangement, holistic
88
we only use 10% of our brain
incorrect we use 100% different regions more/less active at any one time
89
neurons fire how often
2-3x a second, more if they're involved at the task at hand
90
dorsal/ventral root
outside
91
dorsal/ventral horn
inside

PSYC122 (13 decks)

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