Week 6

Question 1

top down processing

Answer 1

use our knowledge to guide our perceptual processes

Question 2

bottom up processing

Answer 2

take info from the world and bring it into our perceptual system

Question 3

attention bottom up

Answer 3

stimulus driven; salience (things we tend to pay attention to)

Question 4

attention top down

Answer 4

goal driven; current needs

Question 5

top-down motivation vs bottom up emotional response

Answer 5

override emotional distraction for goals

Question 6

biased competition model of attention

Answer 6

bias attention towards things for our goals
competition for attention

Question 7

multi-tasking cost

Answer 7

performance better when you can’t see a laptop, can’t get distracted

Question 8

what you miss multi-tasking

Answer 8

attention is limited
dividing attention results in poor attention for everything

Question 9

switch cost

Answer 9

when we switch tasks, we have to activate a whole new set of cognitive processes
switching takes time

Question 10

beating distractions

Answer 10

decrease bottom-up distraction
increase top-down control

Question 11

sensory memory

Answer 11

iconic memory: captured a snap-shot of the world which save until its updated
echoic memory: storing sound from moment to moment to create the illusion of having heard the whole world

Question 12

ST/WM

Answer 12

consciousness, thought bubble
limited compared to sensory
what you are aware of right now

Question 13

long term memory

Answer 13

all info saved from short term

Question 14

declarative (explicit memory)

Answer 14

things you can talk about

Question 15

two types of declarative

Answer 15

episodic - events of our life
semantic memory - knowledge we know

Question 16

nondeclarative (implicit) memory

Answer 16

procedural memory

Question 17

semantic + episodic

Answer 17

autobiographical memory
events and things we knows about our lives & identity

Question 18

modal model of memory

Answer 18

encoding process for long term
retrieval - finding info in long term
rehearsal - keep something in short term
report - process of finding something in long term, bring to short term and making it known in some way

Question 19

capacity of working memory

Answer 19

7 (+/- 2) digits

Question 20

chunking

Answer 20

3 letters, one meaning, allows us to remember more in short term

Question 21

distractors prevent rehearsal

Answer 21

duration of short term memory drops off fast between 3-15s

Question 22

episodic buffer

Answer 22

temporarily keeps track of the event that you’re currently in

Question 23

incidetnal learning

Answer 23

different task to do during encoding phase
some sort of delay and preven rehearsal

Question 24

test/retrieval phase

Answer 24

free recall: what do you remember
cued recall: gives a hint
recognition: which words have you seen before

Question 25

maintenance rehearsal

Answer 25

saying something over & over

Question 26

elaboration rehearsal

Answer 26

amount of attention paid
amount of info extracted
connection to pre-existing knowledge

Question 27

generation

Answer 27

you create the answer, generate knowledge
active, not passive

Question 28

organisation

Answer 28

used during encoding to learn & retrieve later
more complex than chunking

Question 29

imagery

Answer 29

use our short term to link to long term
items in familiar locations, retrace your steps

Question 30

levels of processing theory

Answer 30

elaboration, generation, organization, imagery