Week 10 Flashcards
Learning definition (most generally accepted definition)
An experiential process resulting in a relatively permanent behaviour change that cannot be explained by temporary states, maturation or innate tendencies
Learning
Result of experience
Not reflexive behaviour
Not maturation
Not temporary states
Studying learning:
Individuals
External/observable phenomena
Effect of environmental events on behaviour
Pavlov
Dog, bell, meat etc
About associating stimuli leading to behaviour changes
Generalisation
allows learning to carry over to new situations/stimuli without requiring further learning
Discrimination
Restricts new learning from being inappropriately applied to all situations
Extinct
Conditioned response is eventually limited if CS occurs but UCS does not
Pavlov vs Operant
Reflexive vs Choices
Thorndike’s law of effect
If a response in the presence of a stimulus leads to satisfying effects, the association between that stimulus & response is strengthened
Pavlov
How changing environmental events such as payoff results in changes in behaviour
3 Term contingency
describes relationship between environmental events & behaviour
Antecedent stimulus or discriminative stimulus -> Behaviour -> C Stimuli that occurs as a consequence
relationship between A, B, C
A sets occasion for responding - stimulus control - relationship between A&B
scedule control - relationship between B&C
reinforcers
desirable consequences
punishers
aversive consequences that reduce occurence
negative reinforcement
where responding is maintained or increases as the result of the termination of an aversive stimulus
positive punishment
when responding decreases as a result of the delivery of an aversive stimulus
positive reinforcment
responding is maintained or increases as the result of the delivery of a positive stimulus
negative punishment
responding decreases as a result of the termination of an aversive stimulus
Extinction
Nondelivery of reinforcers that maintain undesirable behaviour
Response cost
Decrease in frequency of a response that is followed by termination of or lack of acess to positive stimuli or events
primary reinforces/punishers
events that satisfy an inherent survival need & punishers that are inherently aversive
shaping
process by which new behaviours emerge
chaining
behaviours can become more elaborate
series of behaviour functionally linked
extent of generalisation relies on
physical similarity of stimuli
how salient the stimuli are
our past learning history
