Week 10

Question 1

Learning definition (most generally accepted definition)

Answer 1

An experiential process resulting in a relatively permanent behaviour change that cannot be explained by temporary states, maturation or innate tendencies

Question 2

Learning

Answer 2

Result of experience
Not reflexive behaviour
Not maturation
Not temporary states

Question 3

Studying learning:

Answer 3

Individuals
External/observable phenomena
Effect of environmental events on behaviour

Question 4

Pavlov

Answer 4

Dog, bell, meat etc
About associating stimuli leading to behaviour changes

Question 5

Generalisation

Answer 5

allows learning to carry over to new situations/stimuli without requiring further learning

Question 6

Discrimination

Answer 6

Restricts new learning from being inappropriately applied to all situations

Question 7

Extinct

Answer 7

Conditioned response is eventually limited if CS occurs but UCS does not

Question 8

Pavlov vs Operant

Answer 8

Reflexive vs Choices

Question 9

Thorndike’s law of effect

Answer 9

If a response in the presence of a stimulus leads to satisfying effects, the association between that stimulus & response is strengthened

Question 10

Pavlov

Answer 10

How changing environmental events such as payoff results in changes in behaviour

Question 11

3 Term contingency

Answer 11

describes relationship between environmental events & behaviour
Antecedent stimulus or discriminative stimulus -> Behaviour -> C Stimuli that occurs as a consequence

Question 12

relationship between A, B, C

Answer 12

A sets occasion for responding - stimulus control - relationship between A&B
scedule control - relationship between B&C

Question 13

reinforcers

Answer 13

desirable consequences

Question 14

punishers

Answer 14

aversive consequences that reduce occurence

Question 15

negative reinforcement

Answer 15

where responding is maintained or increases as the result of the termination of an aversive stimulus

Question 16

positive punishment

Answer 16

when responding decreases as a result of the delivery of an aversive stimulus

Question 17

positive reinforcment

Answer 17

responding is maintained or increases as the result of the delivery of a positive stimulus

Question 18

negative punishment

Answer 18

responding decreases as a result of the termination of an aversive stimulus

Question 19

Extinction

Answer 19

Nondelivery of reinforcers that maintain undesirable behaviour

Question 20

Response cost

Answer 20

Decrease in frequency of a response that is followed by termination of or lack of acess to positive stimuli or events

Question 21

primary reinforces/punishers

Answer 21

events that satisfy an inherent survival need & punishers that are inherently aversive

Question 22

shaping

Answer 22

process by which new behaviours emerge

Question 23

chaining

Answer 23

behaviours can become more elaborate
series of behaviour functionally linked

Question 24

extent of generalisation relies on

Answer 24

physical similarity of stimuli
how salient the stimuli are
our past learning history

Question 25

preparedness

Answer 25

through evolution all animals prewired to easily learn behaviours related to survival

Question 26

instinctive drift

Answer 26

observed number of instances of instinctive behaviours interfereing with conditioned responses