Week 7 - Part 1 Flashcards
Respiratory
(4) examples of Non Infectious respiratory diseases:
- Pulmonary edema
- Pneumothorax and Hemothorax
- Asthma
- COPD
COPD is broken down into (2) sections:
- Chronic bronchitis
- Emphysema
_____________________ is life-threatening condition in which capillary fluid
moves into the alveoli
Acute pulmonary edema
Accumulated fluid in the alveoli and airways causes (3):
- lung stiffness,
- impairs lung expansion
- impairs gas exchange
Hemoglobin leaves the pulmonary circulation without being fully oxygenated causing (2):
shortness of breath and cyanosis
Why blood-tinged sputum for pulmonary edema?
- Air mixing with the serum albumin
- Red blood cells that have moved into the alveoli
Why Crackles on auscultation or no air
entry for pulmonary edema?
- Movement of air through the alveolar fluid produces crackles
Why Dyspnea, air hunger & cyanosis for pulmonary edema?
- Decreases ability of lungs to oxygenate the blood
- Hemoglobin leaves the pulmonary circulation without being fully oxygenated
- Causes the body to respond by increasing respiratory rate
Pharmacologic agents for treatment of pulmonary edema (2)?
- Diuretics
- ACE inhibitors
Non-pharmacologic treatment for pulmonary edema?
Oxygen and assistance with breathing
through noninvasive or invasive
ventilation
________________ Refers to presence of air in the pleural space
Pneumothorax
Pneumothorax causes partial or complete __________ of the affected lung.
Collapse
(3) types of pneumothorax?
- Spontaneous pneumothorax
- Traumatic pneumothorax
- Tension pneumothorax
________________ pneumothorax may occur due to the rupture of an air-
filled bleb (blister or bullae) on the
surface of the lung
Spontaneous
_____________ pneumothorax caused by penetrating or non-penetrating chest injuries
Traumatic
______________ or _____________ ribs most
common cause of non-penetrating
chest injuries
Fractured or dislocated
____________________ pneumothorax is a life-threatening condition and occurs
when injury to the chest or respiratory
structures allow air to enter but not
leave
Tension
What pneumothorax type is the following:
- Pain in the affected side
- Increase in respiratory rate
- Dyspnea
- Asymmetry of the chest may also occur
- Breath sounds decreased or absent over area of
pneumothorax.
Acute Spontaneous
What pneumothorax type is the following:
- Mediastinal shift
-> trachea can be used as a means for assessing
mediastinal shift. - Distention of the neck veins
- Subcutaneous emphysema in the neck and chest
- Signs of shock.
- Hypoxemia
Tension pneumothorax
Hypoxia vs hypoxemia
Hypoxia - Low oxygen levels in tissues
Hypoxemia - Low oxygen levels in blood
______________ refers to presence of blood
in the pleural space
Hemothorax
________________ is the collapse of a lung or part of a lung (lobe)
Atelectasis
What are these S&S of?
- Dyspnea
- Increased HR
- Increased RR
- Chest pain
- Asymmetric chest expansion
-> affected side “lags” behind unaffected side during ventilation - Mediastinal shift toward unaffected
side
Atelectasis
Name (2) Obstructive Respiratory
Conditions?
- Asthma
- COPD
___________ is the most common chronic
disease among children
Asthma
____________ is a respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing
Asthma
The strongest risk factors for developing
asthma are:
A combination of ____________________ with environmental exposure to ______________________and particles that may provoke allergic reactions or irritate the airways
- genetic predisposition
- inhaled substances
Pathogenesis – acute phase (3):
- Exposure to extrinsic allergen
- Infiltration of WBCs
- Bronchospasm
What manifestations are the following for?
- Chest tightness
- Wheezing
- Increase RR with prolonged expiration
- Accessory muscle use
Asthma
What is PEF?
Peak expiratory flow meter
___________ is a common test used to check how well your lungs work
Spirometry test
Treatment for asthma (3):
- SABA or LABA
- Bronchodilators
- Steroids
SABA means?
Short-acting beta agonists
LABA means?
Long-acting beta agonists
_______ is a lung disease
characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal
breathing and is not fully reversible
COPD - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
____________ is enlargement of air spaces and destruction of lung tissue
Emphysema
Is α1-antitrypsin deficiency a result of emphysema or chronic bronchitis?
Emphysema
Obstruction of small airways and chronic irritation from smoking and recurrent infections is _____________
Chronic bronchitis
Leukotrienes cause bronchoconstriction, true or false?
True
Clinical manifestation of ________ include:
- Insidious onset
- Productive cough in morning, sputum production
- Dyspnea
- Fatigue, SOB-OE
- Exacerbations of infection
- Progressive change in respiratory function
- Exacerbation of illness associated with infection
- Respiratory failure
COPD
Are pink puffers usually for emphysema or bronchitis?
Emphysema
Are blue puffers usually for emphysema or bronchitis?
Bronchitis
________ is a protein you need to protect your lungs from inflammation and damage caused by infections and irritants such as smoke and pollution
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT)
______________ is when you have too much carbon dioxide in your blood
Hypercapnia
________________ is a theory that states that people who chronically retain carbon dioxide lose their hypercarbic drive to breathe
hypoxic drive theory
