Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology 1 > Week 14 > Flashcards

Week 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the outermost layer of the skin called?

A

The stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which layer of the skin contains melanocytes?

A

The stratum basale (deepest layer of the epidermis).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the primary function of keratinocytes?

A

To produce keratin, which provides protective properties to the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of radiation makes up 95% of the solar radiation that reaches the Earth?

A

UVA radiation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the main effect of UVA rays on the skin?

A

They penetrate deep into the dermis, causing indirect DNA damage and premature aging.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do UVB rays primarily affect the skin?

A

They penetrate the outer layers of the dermis and cause direct DNA damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is erythema?

A

Redness of the skin caused by increased blood flow, often due to sunburn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of Langerhans cells in the skin?

A

They are antigen-presenting immune cells that help repair damaged skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a first-degree burn?

A

A superficial burn affecting only the outer layer of the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the characteristics of a second-degree burn?

A

Painful, red, moist, and blistered skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the term “full-thickness burn” refer to?

A

Burns that extend through the entire dermis and may involve subcutaneous tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Rule of Nines used for?

A

To estimate the total body surface area (TBSA) affected by burns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a pressure ulcer?

A

A localized injury to the skin or underlying tissue caused by prolonged pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the stages of pressure injuries?

A

Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, Stage IV, and Unstageable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What defines a Stage I pressure injury?

A

A defined area of persistent redness without a break in the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What occurs in a Stage II pressure injury?

A

Partial thickness loss of skin with exposed dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is characteristic of a Stage III pressure injury?

A

Full-thickness skin loss involving damage to subcutaneous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What distinguishes a Stage IV pressure injury?

A

Full-thickness skin and tissue loss with exposed fascia, muscle, or bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an unstageable pressure injury?

A

Full-thickness skin and tissue loss where the extent of damage cannot be confirmed due to slough or eschar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some common risk factors for developing pressure ulcers?

A

Impaired mobility, moisture, poor nutrition, and sensory perception issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does UV radiation affect the immune system?

A

It can damage immune cells, reducing the skin’s ability to respond to infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the primary treatment for mild sunburn?

A

Anti-inflammatory medications and cool compresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the significance of melanin in the skin?

A

Melanin protects the DNA in skin cells from UV radiation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the main cause of drug-induced photosensitivity?

A

Certain medications can cause an exaggerated response to UV radiation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the role of sebaceous glands in the skin?

A

They produce sebum, which helps to lubricate and protect the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the function of sweat glands?

A

To regulate body temperature through perspiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How does the skin respond to UVB exposure?

A

It triggers sunburn and stimulates the thickening of the epidermis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the primary function of the dermis?

A

To provide structural support and house blood vessels, nerves, and glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

The layer of fat and connective tissue beneath the dermis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the effect of excessive UV exposure on collagen production?

A

It reduces the production of high-quality collagen, leading to wrinkles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the typical healing time for a first-degree burn?

A

3 to 10 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the appearance of a third-degree burn?

A

Waxy white, brown, deep red, or black skin with no pain due to nerve destruction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the primary goal of treating severe burns?

A

To maintain cardiorespiratory function and prevent infection.

34
Q

What is the role of the arrector pili muscle?

A

To cause hair to stand up (goosebumps) in response to cold or fear.

35
Q

How does the skin regulate temperature?

A

Through the dilation and constriction of blood vessels and sweating.

36
Q

What is the primary cause of sunburn?

A

Excessive exposure to UV radiation.

37
Q

What is the difference between UVA and UVB rays in terms of skin damage?

A

UVA causes indirect damage and penetrates deeper, while UVB causes direct damage to the epidermis.

38
Q

What is the function of the basement membrane?

A

To anchor the epidermis to the dermis and provide structural support.

39
Q

What is the significance of the stratum lucidum?

A

It is a thin, clear layer found in thick skin areas, providing an additional barrier.

40
Q

What is the primary characteristic of deep partial thickness burns?

A

They involve the epidermis and part of the dermis, causing pain and blistering.

41
Q

How can pressure ulcers be prevented?

A

By frequent position changes and meticulous skin care.

42
Q

What is the role of fibroblasts in the skin?

A

To produce collagen and extracellular matrix, aiding in wound healing.

43
Q

What is the appearance of a Stage II pressure injury?

A

A pink or red, moist wound bed that may have serum-filled blisters.

44
Q

What is the primary cause of skin aging related to UV exposure?

A

Damage to collagen and elastin fibers, leading to wrinkles and sagging skin.

45
Q

What is the function of the papillae in the dermis?

A

To increase the surface area for exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste.

46
Q

What is the typical healing time for a second-degree burn?

A

About 1 to 2 weeks.

47
Q

What is the role of the immune system in skin health?

A

To protect against pathogens and facilitate healing.

48
Q

What is the appearance of a Stage III pressure injury?

A

A deep crater with full-thickness skin loss and possible undermining.

49
Q

How does the skin respond to UV radiation exposure?

A

By producing more melanin and thickening the epidermis.

50
Q

What is the primary treatment for severe burns?

A

Hospitalization and specialized burn care techniques.

51
Q

What is the effect of UV radiation on vitamin A production?

A

It can damage the skin’s ability to produce vitamin A, affecting skin health.

52
Q

What is the significance of the stratum granulosum?

A

It is where keratinocytes begin to die and form a barrier to water loss.

53
Q

What is the primary characteristic of a Stage IV pressure injury?

A

Full-thickness skin and tissue loss with exposed muscle, tendon, or bone

54
Q

How does the skin protect against UV radiation?

A

Through the production of melanin and the thickening of the epidermis.

55
Q

What is the role of the sebaceous gland in skin health?

A

To produce oil that keeps the skin moisturized and protected.

56
Q

What is the appearance of a first-degree burn?

A

Red or pink, dry, and painful skin without blisters.

57
Q

What is the primary cause of pressure injuries?

A

Unrelieved pressure on the skin, often over bony prominences.

58
Q

What is the role of sweat in thermoregulation?

A

To cool the body through evaporation.

59
Q

What is the typical healing time for a third-degree burn?

A

Healing can take weeks to months, often requiring skin grafts.

60
Q

What is the effect of UV radiation on skin cancer risk?

A

Increased UV exposure is a significant risk factor for developing skin cancer.

61
Q

What is the appearance of a deep tissue injury?

A

A purple or maroon area of intact skin or a blood-filled blister.

62
Q

How does the skin contribute to the body’s immune response?

A

By acting as a barrier and housing immune cells like Langerhans cells.

63
Q

What is the primary function of the dermal papillae?

A

To enhance the connection between the dermis and epidermis, improving nutrient exchange.

64
Q

What is the significance of the stratum spinosum?

A

It provides strength and flexibility to the skin through dermasomes

65
Q

What is the role of collagen in the skin?

A

To provide structural support and strength.

66
Q

What is the appearance of a Stage I pressure injury?

A

Persistent redness without a break in the skin.

67
Q

How does the skin respond to cold temperatures?

A

By constricting blood vessels and activating arrector pili muscles.

68
Q

What is the primary characteristic of a full-thickness burn?

A

It extends through the entire dermis and may involve underlying tissues.

69
Q

What is the role of the hypodermis in the skin?

A

To provide insulation and store energy in the form of fat.

70
Q

What is the effect of UV radiation on skin hydration?

A

It can lead to dehydration and loss of moisture in the skin.

71
Q

What is the primary treatment for a Stage II pressure injury?

A

Wound care and pressure relief to promote healing.

72
Q

How does the skin help regulate blood pressure?

A

Through the constriction and dilation of blood vessels in response to temperature changes.

73
Q

What is the appearance of a Stage III pressure injury?

A

A deep crater with full-thickness skin loss and possible necrosis.

74
Q

What is the role of the epidermis in skin function?

A

To act as a barrier against environmental damage and pathogens.

75
Q

What is the primary cause of skin discoloration from UV exposure?

A

Increased melanin production leading to tanning.

76
Q

What is the significance of the stratum germinativum?

A

It is where new skin cells are generated through mitosis.

77
Q

How does the skin contribute to sensory perception?

A

Through nerve endings that detect touch, temperature, and pain.

78
Q

What is the primary characteristic of a Stage IV pressure injury?

A

Exposed or palpable fascia, muscle, or bone within the ulcer.

79
Q

What is the role of antioxidants in skin health?

A

To protect skin cells from oxidative stress and damage from UV radiation

80
Q

What is the typical healing time for a Stage I pressure injury?

A

Usually resolves within a few hours to days with proper care.

Pathology 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions