Week 7: Intro to Aphasia

Question 1

What is aphasia?

Answer 1

Loss of language, notintellect

Question 2

What is acquired aphasia?

Answer 2

Sudden loss of language functions in
individuals with normal language function
previously, following a brain lesion

Question 3

What is mild aphasia?

Answer 3

-PWA might notice difficulties in retrieving
words
- Some comprehension problems, as though
others were speaking “too quickly”
- Loss of pleasure in reading and writing

Question 4

What is moderate aphasia?

Answer 4

-Noticeable difficulties in producing and/or
understanding language, typically not all equally affected

Question 5

What is severe aphasia?

Answer 5

Near-complete loss of the ability to understand or produce language

Question 6

What is the incidence of Aphasia?

Answer 6

about 100-180k per yr experience aphasia in the us

Question 7

What is the prevalence of aphasia?

Answer 7

2-4 million people live w aphasia in the US

Question 8

Aphasia Vs other language impairments

Answer 8

• affects people with normal language function prior to onset a disorder specific to language
• not due to peripheral sensory-perceptual impairments
• not due to paralysis of muscles necessary for speech, writing, or signing
  -not due to impairments in reasoning, memory, etc.

Question 9

What are the 4 types of nonfluent aphasia and their characteristics?

Answer 9

-Non fluent anomic, Brocas, global, and Transcortial Motor
-Disfluent speech output, word finding difficulties, and relatively intact comprehension

Question 10

What are the 4 behavioral measures of aphasia classification?

Answer 10

Speech fluency, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming

Question 11

what is telegramatic/agrammatic speech output? what type of aphasias usually have this?

Answer 11

• speech with few or no grammatical markers or function words used
• non fluent aphasia types

Question 12

What is paragrammatism? what type of aphasias usually have this?

Answer 12

grammatical markers are used incorrectly(run on sentences/wrong markers)
- fluent aphasia types

Question 13

What is anomia? what type of aphasias usually have this?

Answer 13

• Word finding diffculties
  -found in ALL aphasia

Question 14

what are neologisms? what type of aphasias usually have this? Example.

Answer 14

-invented words that do not sound similar to the intended word or have any meaning in the users language
- usually in fluent aphasia
-ex: shirt=glimpop

Question 15

What is conduite d’approach? what type of aphasias usually have this? Example.

Answer 15

• repetitive effort to approximate the appropriate word or phrase
• friglator, friger, rigtor when trying to say refrigerator

Question 16

what are semantic paraphasias?

Answer 16

• saying a word with a similar meaning
  -son instead of daughter, apple instead of orange

Question 17

what is phonological paraphasia?

Answer 17

-substitution of a word with a nonword that preserves at least half of the segments and/or number of syllables of the intended word
-formal paraphasia
-dat for hat

Question 18

what is orthographic paraphasias?

Answer 18

idk

Question 19

localism?

Answer 19

the notion that areas of the brain are specialized for certain functions

Question 20

holism?

Answer 20

the notion that brain areas are (to some degree) undifferentiated

Question 21

Phenology?

Answer 21

detailed study of the shape and size of the cranium as a supposed indication of character and mental abilities.

Question 22

Franz Gall

Answer 22

• Distinguished grey vs. white
  matter
  – Described cases of aphasia
  linked to lesions of frontal
  lobes
  – Proposed a general theory of
  localization: “cranioscopy”,
• later renamed “phrenology”
• localizing specific abilities and
  character traits
  -Gall eventually linked 27
  human traits to bumps on skull

Question 23

Paul Broca

Answer 23

Physician and anatomist, Founder and secretary of Société d’Anthropologie in
Paris
-frontal area for proccessing grammatically complex sentences and planning speech