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Earth Science > WEEK 7 DATING & TIME SCALE > Flashcards

WEEK 7 DATING & TIME SCALE Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Determine a calendar of sequences of events in history of earth

A

Dating

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2
Q

examples of relative dating (3)

A

stratigraphy, seriation, fluorine

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3
Q

Estimate whether an object is younger or older than other things found at the site.

A

relative dating

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4
Q

helps archaeologists create a relative timeline, with older layers at the bottom and younger layers at the top.

A

stratigraphy

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5
Q

laws of stratigraphy (4)

A

law of superposition, cross-cutting, initial horizontality, strata continuity

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6
Q

Stratigraphy was proposed by?

A

Nicolas Steno

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7
Q

This law states that Strata continues until it reaches other solid bodies–usually large bodies of water.

A

strata continuity

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8
Q

This law states that newer rocks sits on top of Older rocks within rock layers.

A

Superposition

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9
Q

Artifacts found in these layers are at least as old as the layer they are discovered in.

A

stratigraphy

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10
Q

It can be deduced through this law that Strata across river valleys and canyons used to be connected until it got eroded away.

A

Strata continuity

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11
Q

Things that Cross-Cut layers likely postdate them.

A

cross cutting

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12
Q

This law states that the Strata–layers of rock sediments that are faced perpendicular or inclined to the horizon was at one time parellel to said horizon.

A

initial horizontality

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12
Q

This law is used to study the sequence of events of the creation of certain types of rocks.

A

cross-cutting

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13
Q

A technique that analyzes how much of the chemical ________ has been absorbed by bones from the surrounding soils to determine how long the specimen has been underground.

A

fluorine dating

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13
Q

A technique that was common in the mid 20th century, looks at changes in certain styles of artifacts present at a site.

A

seriation

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14
Q

Provides more specific origin dates and time ranges, such as an age range in years. How specific these dates can be will depend on what method is used.

A

absolute

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14
Q

examples of absolute dating (6)

A

archaeomagnetic dating, k-ar ar-ar, fission track, thermoluminescence, radiocarbon, dendrochronology

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15
Q

One of the most widely known radiometric dating techniques

A

radiocarbon dating

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16
Q

Useful for determining the age of pottery or ceramics

A

thermoluminescence

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17
Q

it can be used to date materials containing crystalline minerals to a specific heating event in the past

A

thermoluminescence

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18
Q

A technique that determines the age of various minerals and glasses based on the trails of damage done by the spontaneous fission of uranium-238, the most abundant isotope of uranium.

A

fission-track

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18
Q

Measure the ratio of argon gas in igneous volcanic rock to estimate how much time has elapsed since the rock cooled and solidified.

A

k-ar ar-ar

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18
Q

Magnetic particles in most materials of geological origin, such as rocks and clay, are analyzed to track shifts in the earth’s magnetic fields over time.

A

archaeomagnetic

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19
Q

It divides up the history of the earth based on life-forms that have existed during specific times since the creation of the planet.

A

geologic time scale

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20
Q

measures the decay of the radioactive isotope Carbon-14 (C-14) in any organic material found in archaeological deposits, such as wood, plants, textiles, and human or animal remains to determine its age.

A

radiocarbon decay

21
Q

Since most trees produce a ring of new wood annually, archaeologists use the variations in cross-sections of wood to produce timelines.

A

dendrochronology

21
Q

the largest units of geologic time, spanning hundreds of millions to billions of years and each represents a significant phase in Earth’s history.

A

eons

21
Q

Time of prokaryotes & earliest period

A

Precambrian

21
Q

Precambrian time (4)

A

Phanerozoic, proterozoic, hadean, archean

22
Q

earliest eon in earth’s history

A

hadean

23
Q

saw the development of the first multicellular organisms, as well as the first complex ecosystems.

A

proterozoic

24
Q

was a time of great diversification of life, with the first animals appearing during this time.

A

proterozoic

25
Q

The first single-celled organisms appeared during this eon, as well as the first cyanobacteria, which began to produce oxygen.

A

archean

25
Q

It was a time of intense volcanic activity and bombardment by asteroids and comets.

A

hadean

25
Q

It was a time of great change on Earth, as the planet cooled and life began to emerge.

A

archean

26
Q

This is the eon of visible life, and is divided into three eras: the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic.

A

phanerozoic

26
Q

It is the eon in which we live, and is characterized by the emergence of all major groups of plants and animals.

A

phanerozoic

27
Q

first cyanobacteria & began to produce oxygen

A

archean

27
Q

Phanerozoic eon is divided into three eras:

A

paleozoic, mesozoic, cenozoic

28
Q

subdivisions of eons, span tens to hundreds millions of years

A

eras

29
Q

Earth’s continents were combined into a single supercontinent called Pangaea.

A
29
Q

periods of paleozoic (6)

A

carboniferous, permian, devonian, silurian, ordovician, cabrian

30
Q

is known for the rise of invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and the first land plants.

A

paleozoic

31
Q

age of invertebrates, trilobites

A

cambrian

31
Q

non vascular plants

A

ordovician

32
Q

age of fishes

A

devonian

32
Q

age of amphibians

A

carboniferous

33
Q

age of reptiles

A

permian

34
Q

also known as age of dinosaurs

A

mesozoic era

34
Q

age of vesicular plants

A

silurian

34
Q

diversity in reptiles, ended in mass extinction

A

triassic

34
Q

the dinosaurs were the dominant land animals on Earth.

A

mesozoic era

35
Q

periods of mesozoic era (3)

A

triassic, jurassic, cretaceous

36
Q

age of dinosaurs

A

jurassic

37
Q

end of the age of dinosaurs

A

cretaceous

38
Q

a time of great diversity among mammals, and is also marked by the rise of human civilization.

A

cenozoic

38
Q

the continents have drifted to their present positions, and the mammals have diversified to fill many different niches on Earth.

A

cenozoic

38
Q

It is also known as the “age of mammals.”

A

cenozoic

39
Q

early humans

A

neogene

40
Q

age of mammals

A

paleogene

41
Q

evolutions and dispersion of humans

A

quaternary

Earth Science (10 decks)

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