Theories and subsystems Flashcards
Narrative from genesis which states that everything we have at present came from god or diety
Creation Myth
Hindu text, describe the universe as OSCILLATING in which a brahmanda containing the whole universe expands out of a bindu and will eventually collapse again
Rigveda
Anaxagoras believed that the original state of the cosmos came from its primordial mixture of all its ingredients
Primordial universe theory
Leucippus and Democritus believed that the universe was composed of small, indivisible and indestructible atoms
Atomic universe
Aristotle and Ptolemy proposes that the earth stayed motion less and everything revolves around it
Geocentric Universe
In heliocentric universe, he believed that the motion of celestial bodies can be explained without putting the earth as the center of the universe
Nicolaus Copernicus
he believed that the original state of the cosmos came from its primordial mixture of all its ingredients
Anaxagoras
they believed that the universe was composed of small, indivisible and indestructible atoms
leucippus and Democritus
Nicolaus Copernicus believed that the motion of celestial bodies can be explained without putting the earth as the center of the universe
Heliocentric Universe
Tiny compact point
Singularity
Great explosion occured
Big bang theory
Who discovered big bang
Alexander Friedman and Georges Lamaitre
at 13.7 BYA there was?
Nothing
The bigbang predicted the production of heavy stabl4 magnetic monopoles, but at present there were no observable magnetic monoples.
Monopole
Three problems with the bigbang:
Flatness, Horizon, Monopole
FLATNESS- Big bang theory says that there should be curvature as time grows, but the ___? revealed that the geometry of the universe is nearly____?
Wilkinson Microwave Anistropy Probe, Flat
Distant regions of space in opposite directions are so far apart, they could never been in contact with each other.
Horizon
Bigbang theory says that there should be curvature in the universe, but wmap revealed that geometry of universe is nearly flat.
Flatness
Distant regions of space in opposite directions are so far apart, they could never been in contact with each other.
Horizon
Alan guth, Andrei linde, Paul steinhart, Andy albrecht offered solutions to the?
problems of bbt
Distant regions of space in opposite directions are so far apart, they could never been in contact with each other. But the ____? shows that they must’ve been in contact with each other.
Cosmic Microwave background radiation temperature uniformity
Inflation theory is proposed by
Alan guth, Andrei linde, Paul steinhart, Andy albrecht
who offered solutions to the problems of bigbang theory?
Alan guth, Andrei linde, Paul steinhart, Andy albrecht
What is the solution to flatness?
Inflation stretches any initial curvature, thus we see the universe as flat system
During rapid expansion, size of the universe increased by?
10²⁶
Steady State theory is proposed by?
Herman bondi, Thomas gold, Fred hoyle
Universe is always expanding but maintaining density
Steady State theory
Matter being continously created to form new stars and galaxies at the same time that old ones become unobservable because of their increasing distance and velocity of recession
Steady State theory
solution to monopole?
Inflation theory allows the existence of monopoles, provided they were produced prior to inflation
Solution to horizon?
the distant regions were much closer to each other prior to inflation
Matter being continously created to form new stars and galaxies at the same time that old ones become___? because of ___?
unobservable, their increasing distance and velocity of recession
Density of galaxies falls as universe expands
Big bang
Density of galaxies remains as universe expands (spaces filled in by new galaxies)
Steady State
The universe undergoes endless cycles of expansion and cooling, each begins with a “___”? and ends with “___”?
bigbang, big crunch
The universe undergoes endless cycles of expansion and cooling
Oscillating Universe Theory
The universe undergoes endless cycles of expansion and cooling
Oscillating Universe Theory
Russian- American physicist ___? developed this theory___? from the___?
Andrei linde, Multiverse theory, developed from inflation theory
This theory sees the universe as one of the many bubbles that grew
Multiverse theory
Who popularized the concept of “many worlds”?
Hugh Everett and Bryce DeWitt
This theory sees the universe as one of the many ___? that grew as part of a multiverse
Bubble
What are the two theories under the Encounter Hypotheses
Buffons Collision Theory and Jean’s Jeffrey’s tidal Theory
What are the two Nebular theories?
Kant-Laplace nebular theory and solar nebular or protoplanet theory
the planets were formed by the COLLISION of the SUN with a giant COMET. Resulting debris formed into PLANETS.
Buffon’s collision theory
planets were formed from the substance that were torn out of the sun when a massive STAR passed near the sun. The materials condensed to form the PLANETS.
Jean jeffreys tidal theory
based on the idea of descartes, a great cloud of gas and dust called NEBULA begins to collapse because of gravitational pull.
Kant laplace nebular theory
The Solar System was formed as a result of condensation of HYDROGEN gas and dust called as INTERSTELLAR GAS and DUST CLOUD.
Solar nebular / protoplanet theory
The present working model for the formation of the Solar system.
Solar nebular/ protoplanet
Formed from first stage of accretion of grain sized particles from the nebula.
PLANETISIMALS
made up of rocks and are sometimes called “MINOR PLANETS”
ASTEROIDS
Due to the explosion of star called as ___? , the cloud began to collapse (due to gravity) forming the ___?
SUPERNOVA, sun and planets
composed mainly of Ice (Frozen water and gas)
COMETS
1st known asteroid
Ceres
asteroids perturbed out of the asteroid belt and my come close to Earth.
near earth asteroids
outermost region of the solar system. Region where HALLEY’S COMET came from.
Kuipers belt
farther than kuiper Belt.
Oort cloud
Have a molten heavy metal core, few moons, and topological features such as valleys, volcanoes and craters.
Terrestial planets
Made up mostly of Hydrogen and Helium.
Jovizan planets
Composed mostly of dense, rocky, and metallic materials.
Terrestial planets
“Jupiter-like” planets or “gas planets”
Jovian planets
Galaxies move far away from each other
redshift
science of ocean
oceanography
“Earth-like” planets or sometimes referred as “inner planets”.
Terrestial planets
Has not cleared th eneighborhood around it
Pluto
___ is classified as dwarf planet
pluto
What kind of system does the Earth have?
Closed system
Science of atmosphere
Meteorology
science of earth
geology
Pluto is classified by ___?as a DWARF PLANET just like ERIS, CERES, HAUMEA and MAKEMAKE.
International Astronomical Union(IAU)
is a complex system of
interacting physical, chemical and biological processes, and provides a natural laboratory whose experiments have been running since the beginning of time.
Earth
science of universe
Astronomy
Exchange of energy
Closed system
Exchaange of matter and energy
Open system
neither matter or energy are being transferred
Isolated system
Surrounded by a blanket of air
Atmosphere
4 layers of atmosphere
Tropo, strato, meso, thermo
Outermost region
Exosphere
Atmosphere is primarily composed of?
Nitrogem and oxygen
zones of diffuse atmospheric components
meso, thermo, exosphere
constitutes the climate system that maintains the conditions suitable for life on the planet’s surface
troposphere
contains ozone that protects life on the planet by filtering harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun
Stratosphere
How old is the universe?
13.8 by
How old is the earth?
4.54 by
Includes all water on Earth including surface water and groundwater
Hydrosphere
Comprises the solid Earth and includes both Earth’s surface and the various layers of the Earth’s interior
Geosphere
The life zone of the Earth and includes all living organisms, and all
organic matter that has not yet decomposed
Biosphere
