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Theories and subsystems Flashcards

1
Q

Narrative from genesis which states that everything we have at present came from god or diety

A

Creation Myth

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2
Q

Hindu text, describe the universe as OSCILLATING in which a brahmanda containing the whole universe expands out of a bindu and will eventually collapse again

A

Rigveda

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3
Q

Anaxagoras believed that the original state of the cosmos came from its primordial mixture of all its ingredients

A

Primordial universe theory

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4
Q

Leucippus and Democritus believed that the universe was composed of small, indivisible and indestructible atoms

A

Atomic universe

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5
Q

Aristotle and Ptolemy proposes that the earth stayed motion less and everything revolves around it

A

Geocentric Universe

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6
Q

In heliocentric universe, he believed that the motion of celestial bodies can be explained without putting the earth as the center of the universe

A

Nicolaus Copernicus

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7
Q

he believed that the original state of the cosmos came from its primordial mixture of all its ingredients

A

Anaxagoras

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8
Q

they believed that the universe was composed of small, indivisible and indestructible atoms

A

leucippus and Democritus

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9
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus believed that the motion of celestial bodies can be explained without putting the earth as the center of the universe

A

Heliocentric Universe

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10
Q

Tiny compact point

A

Singularity

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11
Q

Great explosion occured

A

Big bang theory

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12
Q

Who discovered big bang

A

Alexander Friedman and Georges Lamaitre

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13
Q

at 13.7 BYA there was?

A

Nothing

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14
Q

The bigbang predicted the production of heavy stabl4 magnetic monopoles, but at present there were no observable magnetic monoples.

A

Monopole

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15
Q

Three problems with the bigbang:

A

Flatness, Horizon, Monopole

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16
Q

FLATNESS- Big bang theory says that there should be curvature as time grows, but the ___? revealed that the geometry of the universe is nearly____?

A

Wilkinson Microwave Anistropy Probe, Flat

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17
Q

Distant regions of space in opposite directions are so far apart, they could never been in contact with each other.

A

Horizon

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18
Q

Bigbang theory says that there should be curvature in the universe, but wmap revealed that geometry of universe is nearly flat.

A

Flatness

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19
Q

Distant regions of space in opposite directions are so far apart, they could never been in contact with each other.

A

Horizon

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20
Q

Alan guth, Andrei linde, Paul steinhart, Andy albrecht offered solutions to the?

A

problems of bbt

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21
Q

Distant regions of space in opposite directions are so far apart, they could never been in contact with each other. But the ____? shows that they must’ve been in contact with each other.

A

Cosmic Microwave background radiation temperature uniformity

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22
Q

Inflation theory is proposed by

A

Alan guth, Andrei linde, Paul steinhart, Andy albrecht

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23
Q

who offered solutions to the problems of bigbang theory?

A

Alan guth, Andrei linde, Paul steinhart, Andy albrecht

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24
Q

What is the solution to flatness?

A

Inflation stretches any initial curvature, thus we see the universe as flat system

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25
During rapid expansion, size of the universe increased by?
10²⁶
26
Steady State theory is proposed by?
Herman bondi, Thomas gold, Fred hoyle
27
Universe is always expanding but maintaining density
Steady State theory
28
Matter being continously created to form new stars and galaxies at the same time that old ones become unobservable because of their increasing distance and velocity of recession
Steady State theory
29
solution to monopole?
Inflation theory allows the existence of monopoles, provided they were produced prior to inflation
30
Solution to horizon?
the distant regions were much closer to each other prior to inflation
31
Matter being continously created to form new stars and galaxies at the same time that old ones become___? because of ___?
unobservable, their increasing distance and velocity of recession
32
Density of galaxies falls as universe expands
Big bang
33
Density of galaxies remains as universe expands (spaces filled in by new galaxies)
Steady State
34
The universe undergoes endless cycles of expansion and cooling, each begins with a "___"? and ends with "___"?
bigbang, big crunch
35
The universe undergoes endless cycles of expansion and cooling
Oscillating Universe Theory
36
The universe undergoes endless cycles of expansion and cooling
Oscillating Universe Theory
37
Russian- American physicist ___? developed this theory___? from the___?
Andrei linde, Multiverse theory, developed from inflation theory
38
This theory sees the universe as one of the many bubbles that grew
Multiverse theory
39
Who popularized the concept of "many worlds"?
Hugh Everett and Bryce DeWitt
40
This theory sees the universe as one of the many ___? that grew as part of a multiverse
Bubble
41
What are the two theories under the Encounter Hypotheses
Buffons Collision Theory and Jean's Jeffrey's tidal Theory
42
What are the two Nebular theories?
Kant-Laplace nebular theory and solar nebular or protoplanet theory
43
the planets were formed by the COLLISION of the SUN with a giant COMET. Resulting debris formed into PLANETS.
Buffon's collision theory
44
planets were formed from the substance that were torn out of the sun when a massive STAR passed near the sun. The materials condensed to form the PLANETS.
Jean jeffreys tidal theory
45
based on the idea of descartes, a great cloud of gas and dust called NEBULA begins to collapse because of gravitational pull.
Kant laplace nebular theory
46
The Solar System was formed as a result of condensation of HYDROGEN gas and dust called as INTERSTELLAR GAS and DUST CLOUD.
Solar nebular / protoplanet theory
47
The present working model for the formation of the Solar system.
Solar nebular/ protoplanet
48
Formed from first stage of accretion of grain sized particles from the nebula.
PLANETISIMALS
49
made up of rocks and are sometimes called “MINOR PLANETS”
ASTEROIDS
50
Due to the explosion of star called as ___? , the cloud began to collapse (due to gravity) forming the ___?
SUPERNOVA, sun and planets
51
composed mainly of Ice (Frozen water and gas)
COMETS
52
1st known asteroid
Ceres
53
asteroids perturbed out of the asteroid belt and my come close to Earth.
near earth asteroids
54
outermost region of the solar system. Region where HALLEY'S COMET came from.
Kuipers belt
55
farther than kuiper Belt.
Oort cloud
56
Have a molten heavy metal core, few moons, and topological features such as valleys, volcanoes and craters.
Terrestial planets
57
Made up mostly of Hydrogen and Helium.
Jovizan planets
58
Composed mostly of dense, rocky, and metallic materials.
Terrestial planets
59
“Jupiter-like” planets or “gas planets”
Jovian planets
60
Galaxies move far away from each other
redshift
61
science of ocean
oceanography
62
"Earth-like” planets or sometimes referred as “inner planets”.
Terrestial planets
63
Has not cleared th eneighborhood around it
Pluto
64
___ is classified as dwarf planet
pluto
65
What kind of system does the Earth have?
Closed system
66
Science of atmosphere
Meteorology
67
science of earth
geology
68
Pluto is classified by ___?as a DWARF PLANET just like ERIS, CERES, HAUMEA and MAKEMAKE.
International Astronomical Union(IAU)
69
is a complex system of interacting physical, chemical and biological processes, and provides a natural laboratory whose experiments have been running since the beginning of time.
Earth
70
science of universe
Astronomy
71
Exchange of energy
Closed system
72
Exchaange of matter and energy
Open system
73
neither matter or energy are being transferred
Isolated system
74
Surrounded by a blanket of air
Atmosphere
75
4 layers of atmosphere
Tropo, strato, meso, thermo
76
Outermost region
Exosphere
77
Atmosphere is primarily composed of?
Nitrogem and oxygen
78
zones of diffuse atmospheric components
meso, thermo, exosphere
79
constitutes the climate system that maintains the conditions suitable for life on the planet's surface
troposphere
80
contains ozone that protects life on the planet by filtering harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun
Stratosphere
81
How old is the universe?
13.8 by
82
How old is the earth?
4.54 by
83
Includes all water on Earth including surface water and groundwater
Hydrosphere
84
Comprises the solid Earth and includes both Earth’s surface and the various layers of the Earth's interior
Geosphere
85
The life zone of the Earth and includes all living organisms, and all organic matter that has not yet decomposed
Biosphere

Earth Science (10 decks)

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