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Earth Science > Theories and subsystems > Flashcards

Theories and subsystems Flashcards

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1
Q

Narrative from genesis which states that everything we have at present came from god or diety

A

Creation Myth

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2
Q

Hindu text, describe the universe as OSCILLATING in which a brahmanda containing the whole universe expands out of a bindu and will eventually collapse again

A

Rigveda

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3
Q

Anaxagoras believed that the original state of the cosmos came from its primordial mixture of all its ingredients

A

Primordial universe theory

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4
Q

Leucippus and Democritus believed that the universe was composed of small, indivisible and indestructible atoms

A

Atomic universe

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5
Q

Aristotle and Ptolemy proposes that the earth stayed motion less and everything revolves around it

A

Geocentric Universe

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6
Q

In heliocentric universe, he believed that the motion of celestial bodies can be explained without putting the earth as the center of the universe

A

Nicolaus Copernicus

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7
Q

he believed that the original state of the cosmos came from its primordial mixture of all its ingredients

A

Anaxagoras

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8
Q

they believed that the universe was composed of small, indivisible and indestructible atoms

A

leucippus and Democritus

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9
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus believed that the motion of celestial bodies can be explained without putting the earth as the center of the universe

A

Heliocentric Universe

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10
Q

Tiny compact point

A

Singularity

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11
Q

Great explosion occured

A

Big bang theory

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12
Q

Who discovered big bang

A

Alexander Friedman and Georges Lamaitre

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13
Q

at 13.7 BYA there was?

A

Nothing

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14
Q

The bigbang predicted the production of heavy stabl4 magnetic monopoles, but at present there were no observable magnetic monoples.

A

Monopole

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15
Q

Three problems with the bigbang:

A

Flatness, Horizon, Monopole

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16
Q

FLATNESS- Big bang theory says that there should be curvature as time grows, but the ___? revealed that the geometry of the universe is nearly____?

A

Wilkinson Microwave Anistropy Probe, Flat

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17
Q

Distant regions of space in opposite directions are so far apart, they could never been in contact with each other.

A

Horizon

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18
Q

Bigbang theory says that there should be curvature in the universe, but wmap revealed that geometry of universe is nearly flat.

A

Flatness

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19
Q

Distant regions of space in opposite directions are so far apart, they could never been in contact with each other.

A

Horizon

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20
Q

Alan guth, Andrei linde, Paul steinhart, Andy albrecht offered solutions to the?

A

problems of bbt

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21
Q

Distant regions of space in opposite directions are so far apart, they could never been in contact with each other. But the ____? shows that they must’ve been in contact with each other.

A

Cosmic Microwave background radiation temperature uniformity

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22
Q

Inflation theory is proposed by

A

Alan guth, Andrei linde, Paul steinhart, Andy albrecht

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23
Q

who offered solutions to the problems of bigbang theory?

A

Alan guth, Andrei linde, Paul steinhart, Andy albrecht

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24
Q

What is the solution to flatness?

A

Inflation stretches any initial curvature, thus we see the universe as flat system

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25
Q

During rapid expansion, size of the universe increased by?

A

10²⁶

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26
Q

Steady State theory is proposed by?

A

Herman bondi, Thomas gold, Fred hoyle

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27
Q

Universe is always expanding but maintaining density

A

Steady State theory

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28
Q

Matter being continously created to form new stars and galaxies at the same time that old ones become unobservable because of their increasing distance and velocity of recession

A

Steady State theory

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29
Q

solution to monopole?

A

Inflation theory allows the existence of monopoles, provided they were produced prior to inflation

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30
Q

Solution to horizon?

A

the distant regions were much closer to each other prior to inflation

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31
Q

Matter being continously created to form new stars and galaxies at the same time that old ones become___? because of ___?

A

unobservable, their increasing distance and velocity of recession

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32
Q

Density of galaxies falls as universe expands

A

Big bang

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33
Q

Density of galaxies remains as universe expands (spaces filled in by new galaxies)

A

Steady State

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34
Q

The universe undergoes endless cycles of expansion and cooling, each begins with a “___”? and ends with “___”?

A

bigbang, big crunch

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35
Q

The universe undergoes endless cycles of expansion and cooling

A

Oscillating Universe Theory

36
Q

The universe undergoes endless cycles of expansion and cooling

A

Oscillating Universe Theory

37
Q

Russian- American physicist ___? developed this theory___? from the___?

A

Andrei linde, Multiverse theory, developed from inflation theory

38
Q

This theory sees the universe as one of the many bubbles that grew

A

Multiverse theory

39
Q

Who popularized the concept of “many worlds”?

A

Hugh Everett and Bryce DeWitt

40
Q

This theory sees the universe as one of the many ___? that grew as part of a multiverse

A

Bubble

41
Q

What are the two theories under the Encounter Hypotheses

A

Buffons Collision Theory and Jean’s Jeffrey’s tidal Theory

42
Q

What are the two Nebular theories?

A

Kant-Laplace nebular theory and solar nebular or protoplanet theory

43
Q

the planets were formed by the COLLISION of the SUN with a giant COMET. Resulting debris formed into PLANETS.

A

Buffon’s collision theory

44
Q

planets were formed from the substance that were torn out of the sun when a massive STAR passed near the sun. The materials condensed to form the PLANETS.

A

Jean jeffreys tidal theory

45
Q

based on the idea of descartes, a great cloud of gas and dust called NEBULA begins to collapse because of gravitational pull.

A

Kant laplace nebular theory

46
Q

The Solar System was formed as a result of condensation of HYDROGEN gas and dust called as INTERSTELLAR GAS and DUST CLOUD.

A

Solar nebular / protoplanet theory

47
Q

The present working model for the formation of the Solar system.

A

Solar nebular/ protoplanet

48
Q

Formed from first stage of accretion of grain sized particles from the nebula.

A

PLANETISIMALS

49
Q

made up of rocks and are sometimes called “MINOR PLANETS”

A

ASTEROIDS

50
Q

Due to the explosion of star called as ___? , the cloud began to collapse (due to gravity) forming the ___?

A

SUPERNOVA, sun and planets

51
Q

composed mainly of Ice (Frozen water and gas)

A

COMETS

52
Q

1st known asteroid

A

Ceres

53
Q

asteroids perturbed out of the asteroid belt and my come close to Earth.

A

near earth asteroids

54
Q

outermost region of the solar system. Region where HALLEY’S COMET came from.

A

Kuipers belt

55
Q

farther than kuiper Belt.

A

Oort cloud

56
Q

Have a molten heavy metal core, few moons, and topological features such as valleys, volcanoes and craters.

A

Terrestial planets

57
Q

Made up mostly of Hydrogen and Helium.

A

Jovizan planets

58
Q

Composed mostly of dense, rocky, and metallic materials.

A

Terrestial planets

59
Q

“Jupiter-like” planets or “gas planets”

A

Jovian planets

60
Q

Galaxies move far away from each other

A

redshift

61
Q

science of ocean

A

oceanography

62
Q

“Earth-like” planets or sometimes referred as “inner planets”.

A

Terrestial planets

63
Q

Has not cleared th eneighborhood around it

A

Pluto

64
Q

___ is classified as dwarf planet

A

pluto

65
Q

What kind of system does the Earth have?

A

Closed system

66
Q

Science of atmosphere

A

Meteorology

67
Q

science of earth

A

geology

68
Q

Pluto is classified by ___?as a DWARF PLANET just like ERIS, CERES, HAUMEA and MAKEMAKE.

A

International Astronomical Union(IAU)

69
Q

is a complex system of
interacting physical, chemical and biological processes, and provides a natural laboratory whose experiments have been running since the beginning of time.

A

Earth

70
Q

science of universe

A

Astronomy

71
Q

Exchange of energy

A

Closed system

72
Q

Exchaange of matter and energy

A

Open system

73
Q

neither matter or energy are being transferred

A

Isolated system

74
Q

Surrounded by a blanket of air

A

Atmosphere

75
Q

4 layers of atmosphere

A

Tropo, strato, meso, thermo

76
Q

Outermost region

A

Exosphere

77
Q

Atmosphere is primarily composed of?

A

Nitrogem and oxygen

78
Q

zones of diffuse atmospheric components

A

meso, thermo, exosphere

79
Q

constitutes the climate system that maintains the conditions suitable for life on the planet’s surface

A

troposphere

80
Q

contains ozone that protects life on the planet by filtering harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun

A

Stratosphere

81
Q

How old is the universe?

A

13.8 by

82
Q

How old is the earth?

A

4.54 by

83
Q

Includes all water on Earth including surface water and groundwater

A

Hydrosphere

84
Q

Comprises the solid Earth and includes both Earth’s surface and the various layers of the Earth’s interior

A

Geosphere

85
Q

The life zone of the Earth and includes all living organisms, and all
organic matter that has not yet decomposed

A

Biosphere

Earth Science (6 decks)

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