WEEK 5- SOIL RESOURCES Flashcards
It is an essential component of Earth that enabled life to exist on the planet and continues to support it.
Soil
Living skin of Earth which is a result of the dynamic interaction among the four subsystems.
Pedosphere
Sfaira means?
Sphere
pedon means?
Soil
Foundation of terrestrial life on this planet
Pedosphere
Is made from portions of the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere
Soil
Components of soil (4)
Air, water, mineral, organic matter
forms when rock weathers (chemical or physical). It could be a slow or rapid process depending on the factors at play.
Soil formation
5 factors affection soil formation:
Parent material, climate, topography, biological factors, and time
its chemistry and type will determine the kind of soil it will form along with the effects of other factors.
Parent material
slope affects water flow and erosion. Steep slope -> thinner soils due to high rate of erosion. Slope aspect affects temperature and moisture.
Topography
temperature, rainfall, and moisture affect the pattern and intensity of soil forming processes such as weathering, leaching, transportation, and distribution.
Climate
burrowing, biological weathering, nutrient
and chemical exchange between roots and soil, agriculture and urbanization
Biological factors
proportion of the particle sizes in the soil–sand, silt, clay.
Soil texture
Soil is naturally composed of these particles and proportion of which affects soil properties such as soil porosity and water retention.
Sand, slit, clay
Particles larger than the coarse-grained sand are called? (>75,00mm)
Rocks and gravel
Soil scientists use capital letters_____? to identify horizons.
A, B, C, E, O
Smallest particle followed by slit and sand
Clay
is a gradual process which involves the development of succession of zones or soil horizons.
Soil formation
____(?) accumulated clay and other nutrients from the layer above it.
Subsoil (B)
_____(?) Composed of mineral matter mixed with dark organic humus
Surface horizon (A)
Three major horizons:
A, B, C
_________(?) composed of loose or partly decayed organic matter.
Organic horizon (O)
(?) characterized by significant loss of minerals (eluviation) and leaching.
E-
simple and easy way for farmers to quickly identify the macro and micronutrient deficiency in the soil through the use of
Rapid soil test kit (RST)
Hard bedrock, which is not soil uses letter?
R
____(?) composed of partially altered parent material.
Substratum (C)
Amount of ______? in the soils is important dor plant growth
Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus
the third of three elements in healthy soil nutrition, can greatly increase crop yields. It aids in water absorption and retention, also encourages strong roots, sturdy stems, and healthy, full-grown crops that have longer shelf life
Potassium
main chemical elements required for plant growth and photosynthesis
Nitrogen
Is vital for strong growth. Insufficient ____ in the soil will cause stunted, spindly crops.
Phosphorus
a main component of land resources, agriculture, and ecological sustainability. It also provides food and foundation for shelter.
Soil
According to___ 33% of the global soil is moderately to highly degraded through erosion, salinization, compaction, acidification, chemical pollution, and nutrient depletion which hamper soil functions and limit food production.
UN FAO - food and agriculture organization of united nations
refers to everything that surrounds a living organism
Environment
Provides ecosystem services that support and sustain life on earth
Environment
Community of organisms interacting with each other and with the abiotic component of the environment
Ecosystem
Ecosystem services (4)
Cultural, support, provisioning, regulating
include non-material benefits such as spiritual enrichment, cultural heritage, recreation,
tourism, and the experience that nature provides for humans
Cultural services
cycling of vital nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus –minerals that are essential for survival and can only be derived in their usable forms through nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, respectively
Support services
benefits obtained by regulating the climate, hazards, and diseases through processes such as carbon sequestration
Regulating services
Provides basic needs for survival
Provisioning services
Generally made up of objects that accumulate on the site where they are produced
Solid waste
provides systematic, comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management policies that ensure the protection of human health and the environment.
RA 9003, Ecological Waste Management Act of 2000
3rs
reduce, reuse, recycle
Limiting the amount of waste
Reduce
recovery of materials with the intention of using them either in the same or different purpose
Reuse
Converting any used materials into new products
Recycle
Phases of recycling (3)
segregation, collection, production of new products
practice of separating solid wastes at the point of origin
segregation
removal of soild waste from the source
collection
original product loses identity and may be used as raw materials to produce goods and services
production of new products
materials that people in a community no longer want because they are no longer useful
Municipal waste
comes from households, commercial, etc.
Municipal waste
common form of waste from farming and poultry
Agricultural waste
comes from industrial sources
Industrial solid waste
Mostly organic and is used for soil-enhancing activities
Agricultural waste
Utilization of different sources of energy contributes to the generation of gaseous wastes that may cause air pollution
Gaseous waste
wastes that originate from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural operations
Liquid waste
types of solid waste:
Gaseous, agricultural, municipal, liquid, industrial, mining,
Aims to protect, preserve, and revive the philippine’s freshwater
RA 9275 Clean Waste Act of 2004
provides a framework for sustainable development by balancing development and environmental protection
RA 8749 Clean Air Act of 1999
Methods of waste disposal
Landfill, inceration, mulch and compost, source reduction, recycling
The cheapest and most convenient method
Laadfill
allowing the natural process of decomposition to transform organic materials into humus
Compost
a layer of mineral applied to the surface of an area of soil.
Mulch
simplest methods to dispose of waste at homes
Mulch and compost
waste material is being converted into gas, particles, heat that is used to generate electricity.
Incineration
method of designing, manufacturing, purchasing, using and reusing materials
Source reduction
burning in controlled manner ucing an incinerator
Incineration
constructed above an impermeable clay layer that is lined with an impermeable membrane
Lanfill
method of collecting throwaway materials and turning them into useful products
Recycling
