Endogenic processes Flashcards
Formed or occurring beneath the surface of
the Earth
Endogenic
Endo comes from the greek word
“Endon”
THE TWO FORCES BEHIND ENDOGENIC MOVEMENTS
Thermal and gravitational energy
Endo comes from the greek word “Endon” which means?
Within
Caused by radioactive decay and primoirdial heat
Thermal energy
2 types of diastrophism
Orogenic and epeirogenic
also known as the process of “mountain building”
orogenic
2 types of sudden movement?
Volcanoes and earthquakes
caused by the balance
between the frictional heating the Earth’s own mass and its angular momentum.
Gravitational energy
It refers to the deformation of the Earth’s crust
Diastrophism
also known as the process of “continental building”
Epeirogenic
A conical hill or mountain that has a
crater or vent through which the lava and other fragments are being erupted from the Earth’s crust
Volcanoes
temperature stays the same but the pressure decreases.
Decompression melting
volatiles comes into contact with hot-solid rock
Flux melting
Sites of flux melting?
Subduction zones
Sites of decompression melting?
Mid ocean ridges, volcanic hotpots, and rift valley
It is the ground shaking caused by the sudden movement of one block
of rock along the faults.
Earthquake
when a rock begins to melt, only certain minerals are melted
Partial melting
Site of partial melting
Mid ocean ridges, volcanic hotspots, rift valleys
If the magma is separated from rock that has not undergone complete melting, the magma will consists of components that melted at lower temperature
Fractionation
A vent or series of vents in the crust
Volcanoes
Site of heat induced melting
Hotspots
surrounding rocks are being melted because there is an increase in temperature.
Heat induced melting
violent explosive eruption ejects of volcanic ash
Ash cloud
an opening exposed on the Earth’s surface where volcanic material is emitted
Volcanic vent
the mouth of the vent
Crater
a discordant tabular body intrusion
Dike
cone-shaped accumulation of volcanic material which is not a part of the vent
Parasitic cone
a large circular depression formed by the collapse or explosion of the volcano
Caldera
any type of igneous intrusions that has split apart two strata
Laccolith
Pool of magma
Magma chamber
erupted in the last 10,000 years
Active volcano
has no eruption history but the volcano is geologically young looking.
Partially active volcano
a concordant tabular sheet intrusion
Sill
partially or completely molten rock that ooze from an erupting vent
Lava flow
it is also known as Extinct Volcano
Inactive volcanoes
Partially active volcano is also known as?
Dormant volcano
Dominated by Lava
Effusive
Lava with smooth surface
Pahoehoe
Lava with rough surface
a’a
Ejects ash and larger fragments of broken up pyroclastic materials, forming ash clouds that eventually collapse and cover the slopes of the volcano
Explosive
Pure volcanic rocks
Obsidian
Volcanic glass but with frothy texture characterized by lots of open spaces caused by gas bubbles.
Pumcie
fragmental materials of various grain size produced by volcano.
Pyroclastic debris
broad dome with gentle
slope that covers a very wide area.
Shield volcano
granular material formed by lava fountains
Cinder
Is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava
Strato or composite volcano
Consists of small cone formed by spattering of lava.
Cinder cone volcano
