WEEK 6 ENERGY & WATER RESOURCES

Question 1

Main sources of energy:

Answer 1

non renewable and renewable

Question 2

energy generated from natural sources e.g. sun, wind, water and can be generated again and again as and when required.

Answer 2

Renewable

Question 3

Energy which is taken from following sources that are available in earth in limited quantity

Answer 3

Non renewable

Question 4

Intermediate material made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulfur which will then be transformed into oil and gas

Answer 4

kerogen

Question 4

a natural resource formed by the decay of organic matter over millions of years

Answer 4

Oil

Question 4

the organisms that decay will become hydrocarbons. This will form after millions of years of exposure to extreme pressure and conditions

Answer 4

Formation of oil

Question 5

Majority of oil comes from?

Answer 5

Thermal maturity kerogen

Question 6

Non renewable resources:

Answer 6

Coal, peat, petroleum gas and natural gas, fossil fuels

Question 7

Coal forms when the ___________ ? over
millions of years

Answer 7

plant decay and exposed to heat and pressure

Question 8

An accumulation hydrocarbon-containing materials of biological origin

Answer 8

Fossil fuels

Question 9

Types of coal:

Answer 9

Peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite

Question 10

First stage of coal development

Answer 10

Peat

Question 11

Produces low heat energy

Answer 11

Lignite

Question 12

A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams

Answer 12

Coal

Question 13

Soft, made up of decayed plant fibers

Answer 13

Peat

Question 14

Soft and has a woody texture and has high moisture content

Answer 14

Lignite

Question 14

Pressure from rocks above causes PEAT to change into this type.

Answer 14

Lignite

Question 15

Sedimentary rock which contains impurities like Sulfur

Answer 15

Bituminous

Question 16

Lot of smoke, less energy

Answer 16

Peat

Question 17

Common type of soil

Answer 17

Bituminous

Question 18

Dark brown-black, soft

Answer 18

Bituminous

Question 19

xtremely hard and brittle

Answer 19

Anthracite

Question 20

largest source of energy for electricity

Answer 20

Anthracite

Question 21

Product of partial conversion of kerogen

Answer 21

bitumen

Question 22

2000 meters, 100 degrees celsius _____ releases what?

Answer 22

kerogen releases hydrocarbons

Question 23

types of renewable resources:

Answer 23

geothermal and hydrothermal

Question 24

It covers all techniques used to recover the heat that is naturally present in the Earth’s subsurface particularly in aquifers, the rock reservoirs that contain groundwater.

Answer 24

geothermal enegry

Question 25

Widely used for decades, hydropower plants are the world’s leading renewable energy source, producing 83% of renewable power

Answer 25

hydroelectric energy

Question 26

explanation for the existence of geothermal energy

Answer 26

radioactive decay, primordial heat

Question 27

It is the only planet where water in its liquid form exists. In other planets, waters occur in the form of ice or vapor

Answer 27

Earth

Question 27

The Earth’s subsystem containing the oceans, lakes, streams, underground water, and snow and ice are the

Answer 27

Hydrosphere

Question 28

Hydrosphere makes up about ____ of the earth's surface

Answer 28

71%

Question 28

water molecules spend the average length of time in a reservoir. The larger reservoir, longer the?

Answer 28

residence time

Question 29

also known as the water cycle

Answer 29

hydrologic cycle

Question 30

occurs when plants release water vapor into the air from their leaves.

Answer 30

transpiration

Question 31

transfers water from the atmosphere to earths surface

Answer 31

peripitation

Question 32

change of water vapor into liquid or solid form

Answer 32

condensation

Question 33

continuous movement of water within the Earth's atmosphere, surface, and subsurface areas.

Answer 33

hydrologic cycle

Question 34

ice transform directly into water vapor

Answer 34

sublimation

Question 35

Liquid changes into vapor

Answer 35

evaporation

Question 36

5 recognized oceans:

Answer 36

pacific, Atlantic, Indian, arctic, southern

Question 37

Saltiness of saltwater

Answer 37

salinity

Question 38

It describes how water moves between various reservoirs (oceans, lakes, rivers, glaciers, the atmosphere, and underground) through different processes like evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and infiltration.

Answer 38

hydrologic cycle

Question 39

are small and shallow lakes without any outlet. It’s water source is the rainwater and underground springs

Answer 39

ponds

Question 39

mass of glacial land extending more than 50,000 square km. Found in Greenland and Antarctica

Answer 39

ice sheets

Question 39

large inland bodies of fresh or saline water.

Answer 39

lakes

Question 39

a moving body of surface water that flows downslope toward the sea level because of gravity

Answer 39

streams

Question 40

include streams, lakes, and wetlands. They represent 0.3% of Earth’s total water resource

Answer 40

surface water reservoirs

Question 40

permanent body of ice consists largely of recrystallized snow

Answer 40

glaciers

Question 40

a stream with a considerable volume and a well-defined channel.

Answer 40

river

Question 40

the zone where the temperature of water decreases as depth increases

Answer 40

thermocline

Question 41

zone where the temperature is uniformly low. 80% of the ocean water

Answer 41

deep

Question 41

Most are stored in glaciers situated in inaccessible such as the polar regions ad high mountains.

Answer 41

freshwater reservoir

Question 42

3 MAJOR OCEAN ZONES

Answer 42

surface, deep, thermocline

Question 43

consists of relatively warm, low density water that extends from the ocean surface to a depth of 100m.

Answer 43

surface

Question 44

Salinity is maintained by?

Answer 44

hydrologic cycle

Question 45

The major chemical elements present in seawater are:

Answer 45

sodium and chlorine ions

Question 46

land areas where water covers the surface for significant periods.

Answer 46

wetlands

Question 47

They are biologically diverse environments filled with species that rely on land and water for survival.

Answer 47

wetlands

Question 48

shallow wetland around lakes, streams, and oceans where grasses and reeds are the dominant vegetation.

Answer 48

marsh

Question 49

wetland with lush trees and vegetation found in low-lying areas beside slow moving rivers and has low oxygen level.

Answer 49

swamp

Question 49

partly enclosed coastal body of water where freshwater from streams meets the saltwater from the sea

Answer 49

estuary

Question 50

It is the largest reservoir of liquid fresh water on Earth.

Answer 50

groundwater

Question 51

water-bearing rock layers akin to a “sponge” that hold groundwater in tiny cracks, cavities, and pores

Answer 51

aquifers

Question 51

is freshwater found in in the rock and soil layers beneath the surface.

Answer 51

groundwater

Question 52

the total amount of empty pore spaces in the rock. It determines the amount of water that an aquifier can hold.

Answer 52

porosity

Question 53

ability of rock to or sediments to allow water to pass through it

Answer 53

permeability

Question 54

An aquifer in which the groundwater is free to rise to its natural level is called

Answer 54

unconfined aquifer

Question 55

when water is trapped and held down by a pressure between impermeable rocks called aquiclude, which is called a

Answer 55

confined aquifer