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Earth Science > WEEK 6 ENERGY & WATER RESOURCES > Flashcards

WEEK 6 ENERGY & WATER RESOURCES Flashcards

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1
Q

Main sources of energy:

A

non renewable and renewable

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2
Q

energy generated from natural sources e.g. sun, wind, water and can be generated again and again as and when required.

A

Renewable

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3
Q

Energy which is taken from following sources that are available in earth in limited quantity

A

Non renewable

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4
Q

Intermediate material made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulfur which will then be transformed into oil and gas

A

kerogen

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4
Q

a natural resource formed by the decay of organic matter over millions of years

A

Oil

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4
Q

the organisms that decay will become hydrocarbons. This will form after millions of years of exposure to extreme pressure and conditions

A

Formation of oil

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5
Q

Majority of oil comes from?

A

Thermal maturity kerogen

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6
Q

Non renewable resources:

A

Coal, peat, petroleum gas and natural gas, fossil fuels

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7
Q

Coal forms when the ___________ ? over
millions of years

A

plant decay and exposed to heat and pressure

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8
Q

An accumulation hydrocarbon-containing materials of biological origin

A

Fossil fuels

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9
Q

Types of coal:

A

Peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite

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10
Q

First stage of coal development

A

Peat

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11
Q

Produces low heat energy

A

Lignite

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12
Q

A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams

A

Coal

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13
Q

Soft, made up of decayed plant fibers

A

Peat

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14
Q

Soft and has a woody texture and has high moisture content

A

Lignite

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14
Q

Pressure from rocks above causes PEAT to change into this type.

A

Lignite

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15
Q

Sedimentary rock which contains impurities like Sulfur

A

Bituminous

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16
Q

Lot of smoke, less energy

A

Peat

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17
Q

Common type of soil

A

Bituminous

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18
Q

Dark brown-black, soft

A

Bituminous

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19
Q

xtremely hard and brittle

A

Anthracite

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20
Q

largest source of energy for electricity

A

Anthracite

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21
Q

Product of partial conversion of kerogen

A

bitumen

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22
Q

2000 meters, 100 degrees celsius _____ releases what?

A

kerogen releases hydrocarbons

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23
Q

types of renewable resources:

A

geothermal and hydrothermal

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24
Q

It covers all techniques used to recover the heat that is naturally present in the Earth’s subsurface particularly in aquifers, the rock reservoirs that contain groundwater.

A

geothermal enegry

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25
Q

Widely used for decades, hydropower plants are the world’s leading renewable energy source, producing 83% of renewable power

A

hydroelectric energy

26
Q

explanation for the existence of geothermal energy

A

radioactive decay, primordial heat

27
Q

It is the only planet where water in its liquid form exists. In other planets, waters occur in the form of ice or vapor

A

Earth

27
Q

The Earth’s subsystem containing the oceans, lakes, streams, underground water, and snow and ice are the

A

Hydrosphere

28
Q

Hydrosphere makes up about ____ of the earth’s surface

A

71%

28
Q

water molecules spend the average length of time in a reservoir. The larger reservoir, longer the?

A

residence time

29
Q

also known as the water cycle

A

hydrologic cycle

30
Q

occurs when plants release water vapor into the air from their leaves.

A

transpiration

31
Q

transfers water from the atmosphere to earths surface

A

peripitation

32
Q

change of water vapor into liquid or solid form

A

condensation

33
Q

continuous movement of water within the Earth’s atmosphere, surface, and subsurface areas.

A

hydrologic cycle

34
Q

ice transform directly into water vapor

A

sublimation

35
Q

Liquid changes into vapor

A

evaporation

36
Q

5 recognized oceans:

A

pacific, Atlantic, Indian, arctic, southern

37
Q

Saltiness of saltwater

A

salinity

38
Q

It describes how water moves between various reservoirs (oceans, lakes, rivers, glaciers, the atmosphere, and underground) through different processes like evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and infiltration.

A

hydrologic cycle

39
Q

are small and shallow lakes without any outlet. It’s water source is the rainwater and underground springs

A

ponds

39
Q

mass of glacial land extending more than 50,000 square km. Found in Greenland and Antarctica

A

ice sheets

39
Q

large inland bodies of fresh or saline water.

A

lakes

39
Q

a moving body of surface water that flows downslope toward the sea level because of gravity

A

streams

40
Q

include streams, lakes, and wetlands. They represent 0.3% of Earth’s total water resource

A

surface water reservoirs

40
Q

permanent body of ice consists largely of recrystallized snow

A

glaciers

40
Q

a stream with a considerable volume and a well-defined channel.

A

river

40
Q

the zone where the temperature of water decreases as depth increases

A

thermocline

41
Q

zone where the temperature is uniformly low. 80% of the ocean water

A

deep

41
Q

Most are stored in glaciers situated in inaccessible such as the polar regions ad high mountains.

A

freshwater reservoir

42
Q

3 MAJOR OCEAN ZONES

A

surface, deep, thermocline

43
Q

consists of relatively warm, low density water that extends from the ocean surface to a depth of 100m.

A

surface

44
Q

Salinity is maintained by?

A

hydrologic cycle

45
Q

The major chemical elements present
in seawater are:

A

sodium and chlorine ions

46
Q

land areas where water covers the surface for significant periods.

A

wetlands

47
Q

They are biologically diverse environments filled with species that rely on land and water for survival.

A

wetlands

48
Q

shallow wetland around lakes, streams, and oceans where grasses and reeds are the dominant vegetation.

A

marsh

49
Q

wetland with lush trees and vegetation found in low-lying areas beside slow moving rivers and has low oxygen level.

A

swamp

49
Q

partly enclosed coastal body of water where freshwater from streams meets the saltwater from the sea

A

estuary

50
Q

It is the largest reservoir of liquid fresh water on Earth.

A

groundwater

51
Q

water-bearing rock layers akin to a “sponge” that hold groundwater in tiny cracks, cavities, and pores

A

aquifers

51
Q

is freshwater found in in the rock and
soil layers beneath the surface.

A

groundwater

52
Q

the total amount of empty pore spaces in the rock. It determines the amount of water that an aquifier can hold.

A

porosity

53
Q

ability of rock to or sediments to allow
water to pass through it

A

permeability

54
Q

An aquifer in which the groundwater is free to rise to its natural level is called

A

unconfined aquifer

55
Q

when water is trapped and held down by a pressure between impermeable rocks called aquiclude, which is called a

A

confined aquifer

Earth Science (10 decks)

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