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Earth Science > Exogenic processes > Flashcards

Exogenic processes Flashcards

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1
Q

External processes invlolves?

A

Mass wasting, erosion, and weathering

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2
Q

physical breakdown
(disintegration) and chemical alteration
(decomposition) of rocks at or near the Earth’s
surface.

A

Weathering

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3
Q

physical forces that break
rock into smaller and smaller pieces without
changing the rock’s mineral composition.

A

Mechanical Weathering

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4
Q

Causes of mechanical weathering?

A

Biological activities, human activities, salt crystal growth, Frost wedging, and expansion resulting from unloading

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5
Q

A rock unit buried below a land surface experiences high compressional stresses because of the weight of the overlying rock.

A

Expansion resulting from unloading

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6
Q

Process of splitting igneous rocks into onion like sheets

A

Exfoliation

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7
Q

weakening and subsequent disintegration of rock by plants, animals and microbes.

A

Biological activities

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8
Q

process is physical, the
pressure is exerted by a biological process

A

Biological activities

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9
Q

External Processes are those processes that
occur at or near the Earth’s surfaces and are
powered by the energy from the sun.

A

Exogenic processes

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10
Q

Such as digging, blasting, strip mining and agriculture

A

human activities

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11
Q

basic part of the rock cycle, thus, a key process
in the Earth system.

A

weathering

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12
Q

These fractures divide the rock into a series of layer or sheets

A

Sheeting

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13
Q

High temperatures in desert environments also tend to promote weathering caused by the crystallization of salts in pore fractures

A

salt crystal growth

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14
Q

Disruption of rock fabrics owing to stressed generated by freezing and thawing of water in rock fracture.

A

Frost wedging

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15
Q

chemical transformation of rock into one or more new compounds.

A

Chemical weathering

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16
Q

certain minerals dissolved in water

A

Dissolution

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17
Q

water is being absorbed into the crystal structure causing them to expands

A

Hydration

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18
Q

occurs when water reacts with minerals and breaks them down.

A

Hydrolysis

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19
Q

occurs in plants, fungi and lichens secrete organic acids that dissolve minerals and the nutrients are taken by these organisms

A

Biological weathering

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20
Q

when carbon dioxide interacts chemically with minerals

A

Carbonation

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21
Q

the reaction of oxygen with minerals in the rock that forms oxides

A

Oxidation

23
Q

control weathering by their physical and chemical reaction to climate.

A

Rock type

24
Q

speed at which rock or soil is broken down.

A

Rate of weathering

24
Q

affects the rate of weathering because if you have rough steep slopes, there is more area expose to rain, wind

A

Topography

25
Q

controls weathering because the rate of chemical reactions doubles with every 10 °C rise.

A

Climate

26
Q

process by which sediments are moved along from the source to where they are deposited

A

Transport

27
Q

Very fine dust or slit

A

Loess

28
Q

the picking up of loose materials from the
Earth’s surface.

A

Deflation

29
Q

sand blasting process that occurs as material is carried along with wind.

A

Wind abrassion

30
Q

A rock’s exposure to the weathering elements and
its surface area can affect its rate of weathering.

A

Surface area

31
Q

Control rate of weathering (4)

A

Surface area, topography, climate, and rock types

32
Q

the separation and removal of weathered
and unweathered rocks and soil from its substrate due to gravity of transporting agents like wind, water, and ice

A

Erosion

33
Q

occurs commonly in flat, bare areas of dry, sandy and lose soils. It detaches particles and transport them by wind.

A

Wind erosion

34
Q

Low mound or ridge of sediments

A

Dunes

35
Q

Sand dunes in Paoay Ilocos Norte are formed through this process?

A

Dunes

36
Q

The most common erosional agent.

A

Water

37
Q

Permanent body of ice, consist of recrystallized snow and show evidence of movements through gravity

A

Glaciers or ice

38
Q

the rolling or dragging of large grains aided by
the push of smaller grains.

A

Traction

39
Q

moving of particles

A

Suspension

40
Q

movement of soluble materials.

A

Solution

41
Q

bouncing of sand grains as they are picked up,
carried along, and dropped repeatedly.

A

Saltation

42
Q

Term for sediments by glacial origin

A

Glacial drift

43
Q

produced when mass wasting and running water combines

A

Steam valley

44
Q

an event that initiates downslope movement

A

Trigger

45
Q

downslope movement of rock, regolith, and soil under the direct influence of gravity. It does not require a transporting medium.

A

Mass wasting

46
Q

controlling force of mass wasting is?

A

Gravity

47
Q

steepest angle at which a material remains stable

A

Angle of repose

48
Q

process where water-saturated surface material loses their strength and behave as fluid-like masses that flow

A

Liquefaction

49
Q

a massive debris flow.

A

Mudslide

50
Q

Formed or occurring on the surface of the
Earth

A

Exogenic

51
Q
A

Earth Science (6 decks)

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