Rocks Flashcards
Forms when magma or lava cools into a solid form
Igneous rocks
Molten rocks inside the erath’s crust
Magma
Magma that reached the surface
Lava
Crystals are large if they are formed into a?
Slowly cooling magma
Crystals are small if they are formed into a?
Rapidly cooling lava
formed from magma and takes a long time to solidify into rocks, has phaneritic textures
Intrusive or plutonic
Formed from lava, solidify quickly. Has a aphanitic and porphyritic texture.
Extrusive or volcanic
the overall appearance of rock based on size, shape and crystal arrangement
Texture
Produced when magma cools slowly at depth
Phaneritic
Formed when lava cooled rapidly at or on the surface of the earth
Aphanitic
Another term for phaneritic?
Coarse grained
Another term for aphanitic?
Fine grained
rocks that have large crystals embedded in a matrix of smaller crystals.
Porphyritic
Large crystals in such a rock are called
Phenocrysts
The matrix of smaller
crystals are called
Groundmass
produced by very rapid cooling.
Glossy
produced from the debris of an explosive eruption.
Pyroclastic
air bubbles trapped inside
Vesicular
unusual large crystals
pegmatitic
Crystals are so small that they can only be distinguished through the use of microscope
Aphanetic
produced by slow then rapid cooling
Porphyritic
intergrown crystals are roughly equal in size and are large enough so that it can be identified without an aid of a microscope.
Phaneritic
Granite and diorite
Phaneritic
Rhyolite, andesite, basalt
Aphanitic
Obsidian, pumice
Glossy
pumice, seonia
Vesicular
Formed at or near the surface of the Earth.
Sedimentary rocks
the process of breaking down or dissolving rocks
Weathering
What are the 4 sedimentary processes?
Weathering, lithification, deposition, and erosion
Onsite breakdown of rocks
Weathering
Forms when mineral crystals and clasts of plants, animals, or rocks
are compressed or naturally cemented together.
Sedimentary rocks
the process by which the soil and rock particles are driven by ice, water, wind
erosion
process wherein the sediments are turned into sedimentary rock
Lithification
laying down of sediment carried by any transport agent
Deposition
Originated and is transported as solid particles derived from both chemical and mechanical weathering.
Detrital Sedimentary
Composition of clastic sedimentary rocks
Grains, matrix and cement
Eroded parts of other rocks
Clastic sedimentary
Evaporation and precipitation from solution or lithification of organic matter
Non clastic sedimentary
rocks with volcanic origin and may have undergone some stages in the sedimentary processes could be classified as sedimentary rock
Clastic sedimentary
forms when a soluble material produced by chemical weathering are precipitated by either organic or inorganic processes.
Chemical sedimentary
Forms from the accumulation and lithification of organic debris
Organic sedimentary rocks
“Change form”
Metamorphism
A process that changes the mineral content, texture, chemical composition
Metamorphism
what are the 3 agents of metamorphic rocks?
Heat, pressure, chemically active fluids
it provides the energy needed to drive the chemical reactions that result in the recrystallization of existing minerals and/or the formation of new minerals.
Heat
Most important agent
Heat
hydrating the minerals during the process
Chemically active fluids
increases with depth as the thickness of the rock increases.
Pressure
Where does metamorphism takes place?
preexisting rocks are subjected into new conditions.
This term refers to any planar arrangement with mineral grains or within the rocks
Foliation
Planar arrangement
Foliated texture
develop in environments where deformation is minimal
Non foliated texture
What are the 2 types of metamorphic textures?
Foliated and non foliated
Origins in igneous rocks
Intrusove and extrusive
Textures in igneous rocks
Phaneritic, aphenitic, porphyritic, glossy, pyroclastic, vesicular, pegmatitic
types of sedimentary rocks
clastic, non clastic, detrital, organic, and chemical sedimentary rocks
the parent rocks are composed of minerals that exhibit equidimensional crystals, such as quartz or calcite.
Non foliated
Main factors of contact metamorphism
Heat and reactive fluids
Contact metamorphism creates?
Non foliated
Occurred when preexisting rocks gets in contact with magma
Contact metamorphism
Rocks that are altered at high temperatures and
moderate pressures
Hydrothermal metamorphism
Main factor of regional metamorphism
Pressure
This is common in basaltic rocks that lack hydrous minerals.
Hydrothermal metamorphism
When an extraterrestrial body impacts with the earth, ultrahigh pressures can be generated in the impacted rock.
Shock metamorphism
what textures shock metamorphism can produce?
Lamellae and shatter cones
occurs in areas that have undergone considerable
amount of mechanical deformation and chemical recrystallization
Regional metamorphism
Occurs in a large scale
Regional metamorphism
Regional metamorphism creates?
Foliated
