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Earth Science > Rocks > Flashcards

Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

Forms when magma or lava cools into a solid form

A

Igneous rocks

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2
Q

Molten rocks inside the erath’s crust

A

Magma

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3
Q

Magma that reached the surface

A

Lava

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4
Q

Crystals are large if they are formed into a?

A

Slowly cooling magma

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5
Q

Crystals are small if they are formed into a?

A

Rapidly cooling lava

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6
Q

formed from magma and takes a long time to solidify into rocks, has phaneritic textures

A

Intrusive or plutonic

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7
Q

Formed from lava, solidify quickly. Has a aphanitic and porphyritic texture.

A

Extrusive or volcanic

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8
Q

the overall appearance of rock based on size, shape and crystal arrangement

A

Texture

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9
Q

Produced when magma cools slowly at depth

A

Phaneritic

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10
Q

Formed when lava cooled rapidly at or on the surface of the earth

A

Aphanitic

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11
Q

Another term for phaneritic?

A

Coarse grained

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12
Q

Another term for aphanitic?

A

Fine grained

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13
Q

rocks that have large crystals embedded in a matrix of smaller crystals.

A

Porphyritic

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14
Q

Large crystals in such a rock are called

A

Phenocrysts

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15
Q

The matrix of smaller
crystals are called

A

Groundmass

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16
Q

produced by very rapid cooling.

A

Glossy

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17
Q

produced from the debris of an explosive eruption.

A

Pyroclastic

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18
Q

air bubbles trapped inside

A

Vesicular

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19
Q

unusual large crystals

A

pegmatitic

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20
Q

Crystals are so small that they can only be distinguished through the use of microscope

A

Aphanetic

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21
Q

produced by slow then rapid cooling

A

Porphyritic

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22
Q

intergrown crystals are roughly equal in size and are large enough so that it can be identified without an aid of a microscope.

A

Phaneritic

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23
Q

Granite and diorite

A

Phaneritic

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24
Q

Rhyolite, andesite, basalt

A

Aphanitic

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25
Q

Obsidian, pumice

A

Glossy

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26
Q

pumice, seonia

A

Vesicular

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27
Q

Formed at or near the surface of the Earth.

A

Sedimentary rocks

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28
Q

the process of breaking down or dissolving rocks

A

Weathering

29
Q

What are the 4 sedimentary processes?

A

Weathering, lithification, deposition, and erosion

30
Q

Onsite breakdown of rocks

A

Weathering

31
Q

Forms when mineral crystals and clasts of plants, animals, or rocks
are compressed or naturally cemented together.

A

Sedimentary rocks

32
Q

the process by which the soil and rock particles are driven by ice, water, wind

33
Q

process wherein the sediments are turned into sedimentary rock

A

Lithification

34
Q

laying down of sediment carried by any transport agent

A

Deposition

35
Q

Originated and is transported as solid particles derived from both chemical and mechanical weathering.

A

Detrital Sedimentary

36
Q

Composition of clastic sedimentary rocks

A

Grains, matrix and cement

37
Q

Eroded parts of other rocks

A

Clastic sedimentary

38
Q

Evaporation and precipitation from solution or lithification of organic matter

A

Non clastic sedimentary

39
Q

rocks with volcanic origin and may have undergone some stages in the sedimentary processes could be classified as sedimentary rock

A

Clastic sedimentary

40
Q

forms when a soluble material produced by chemical weathering are precipitated by either organic or inorganic processes.

A

Chemical sedimentary

41
Q

Forms from the accumulation and lithification of organic debris

A

Organic sedimentary rocks

42
Q

“Change form”

A

Metamorphism

43
Q

A process that changes the mineral content, texture, chemical composition

A

Metamorphism

44
Q

what are the 3 agents of metamorphic rocks?

A

Heat, pressure, chemically active fluids

45
Q

it provides the energy needed to drive the chemical reactions that result in the recrystallization of existing minerals and/or the formation of new minerals.

46
Q

Most important agent

47
Q

hydrating the minerals during the process

A

Chemically active fluids

48
Q

increases with depth as the thickness of the rock increases.

49
Q

Where does metamorphism takes place?

A

preexisting rocks are subjected into new conditions.

50
Q

This term refers to any planar arrangement with mineral grains or within the rocks

51
Q

Planar arrangement

A

Foliated texture

52
Q

develop in environments where deformation is minimal

A

Non foliated texture

53
Q

What are the 2 types of metamorphic textures?

A

Foliated and non foliated

54
Q

Origins in igneous rocks

A

Intrusove and extrusive

55
Q

Textures in igneous rocks

A

Phaneritic, aphenitic, porphyritic, glossy, pyroclastic, vesicular, pegmatitic

56
Q

types of sedimentary rocks

A

clastic, non clastic, detrital, organic, and chemical sedimentary rocks

57
Q

the parent rocks are composed of minerals that exhibit equidimensional crystals, such as quartz or calcite.

A

Non foliated

58
Q

Main factors of contact metamorphism

A

Heat and reactive fluids

59
Q

Contact metamorphism creates?

A

Non foliated

60
Q

Occurred when preexisting rocks gets in contact with magma

A

Contact metamorphism

61
Q

Rocks that are altered at high temperatures and
moderate pressures

A

Hydrothermal metamorphism

62
Q

Main factor of regional metamorphism

63
Q

This is common in basaltic rocks that lack hydrous minerals.

A

Hydrothermal metamorphism

64
Q

When an extraterrestrial body impacts with the earth, ultrahigh pressures can be generated in the impacted rock.

A

Shock metamorphism

65
Q

what textures shock metamorphism can produce?

A

Lamellae and shatter cones

66
Q

occurs in areas that have undergone considerable
amount of mechanical deformation and chemical recrystallization

A

Regional metamorphism

67
Q

Occurs in a large scale

A

Regional metamorphism

68
Q

Regional metamorphism creates?

Earth Science (10 decks)

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