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Specialised Anatomy for SLT > Week 6 Slides- Larynx and Ear. > Flashcards

Week 6 Slides- Larynx and Ear. Flashcards

1
Q

The main laryngeal changes occur in ______.

A

Adulthood.

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2
Q

In adulthood, what happens to the cricoid?

A

It lowers.

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3
Q

What happens to the cartilages of the larynx often in adulthood?

A

They ossify and calcify.

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4
Q

in adulthood the _____ movements reduce.

A

Arytenoid.

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5
Q

Changes in the larynx tend to happen to males _____ than females.

A

Earlier.

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6
Q

What does puberty affect in terms of the larynx?

A

The thyroid becomes larger in males and the vocal folds become longer and thicker in males. Eg. Voice settles at lower pitch.

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7
Q

In what sex do all edges of the vocal folds adduct?

A

Male.

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8
Q

In young females the glottis remains partially _____ when it adducts.

A

Open.

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9
Q

What do you call it when the larynx is swollen?

A

Laryngitis.

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10
Q

What vocal misuse lead to in teachers and singers?

A

Nodes.

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11
Q

A growth on the larynx is called laryngeal ______.

A

Cancer.

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12
Q

Having a problem with nerve innervation can cause vocal fold _____.

A

Spasm.

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13
Q

Where does the ear sit?

A

The ear sits within the temporal bone.

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14
Q

The ear is a vital part of the ______ chain.

A

Speech.

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15
Q

The ear plays an in important in the ______ part of the speech chain.

A

Perception.

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16
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the ear?

A

Outer Ear
Middle Ear
Inner Ear

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17
Q

What is the outer most part of the outer ear called?

A

The Pinna (or auricle).

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18
Q

The outer ear works as a ______/_______.

A

Transmitter/Receiver.

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19
Q

Where does the pinna lead to?

A

To the external auditory meatus.

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20
Q

What is the other term for the ear canal?

A

The External Auditory Meatus.

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21
Q

Name the functions of The External Auditory Meatus.

A
  • Filters out any dust.

- Amplifies sound waves.

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22
Q

What does the External Auditory Meatus contain?

A

Glands which produce wax.

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23
Q

What is the external auditory meatus surrounded by?

A

Cartilage initially then bone.

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24
Q

What does the external auditory meatus conduct?

A

It conducts sound energy.

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25
Q

Name the tube like structure that contains wax, is roughly 2 1/2 cm long and is slightly curved and goes upwards.

A

The External Auditory Meatus.

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26
Q

What does the wax in the external auditory meatus do?

A

Traps dust.

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27
Q

What is at the boundary between the outer ear and the middle ear?

A

The tympanic membrane (ear drum).

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28
Q

The outer ear ends at the _____ membrane.

A

Tympanic.

29
Q

What is the tympanic membrane more commonly known as?

A

The Ear drum.

30
Q

The tympanic membrane is very ______.

A

Thin.

31
Q

The ear drum is made up of a layer of _____, layer of ________ membrane and layer of ______ tissue.

A

Skin, mucous, fibrous.

32
Q

The tympanic membrane is made up of different ______.

A

Layers.

33
Q

How does the tympanic membrane respond to a low frequency sound?

A

All of the tympanic membrane (ear drum) vibrates.

34
Q

Air particles cause a series of _____ on the _______ _________.

A

Vibrations, Tympanic Membrane.

35
Q

What part of the ear is sometimes referred to as the tympanic cavity?

A

The middle ear.

36
Q

What is the tube like structure in the middle ear called?

A

The auditory tube.

37
Q

Where does the auditory tube lead to?

A

The Nasopharynx.

38
Q

The auditory tube is found behind the ______ ________.

A

Tympanic Membrane.

39
Q

What structure allows the channel air between the middle ear and the nasopharynx?

A

Auditory Tube.

40
Q

The auditory tube is an air-filled ______.

A

Cavity.

41
Q

The middle ear contains some small bones, what are these known as?

A

Ossicles.

42
Q

How many ossicles does the middle ear contain?

A

3.

43
Q

Name the 3 ossicles of the middle ear.

A
  • Malleus
  • Incus
  • Stapes
44
Q

The ossicles connect to the ______ ____.

A

Ear drum.

45
Q

What are the ossicles stabilized by?

A

Ligaments.

46
Q

The ossicles can act as a bridge from ___ movement to _____ movement.

A

Air, Fluid.

47
Q

The ossicles can act as a ____.

A

Lever.

48
Q

Can the Ossicles move?

A

Yes.

49
Q

What do the movements of the ossicles do?

A

They increase the vibrations.

50
Q

If a sound is too loud, how can we stop vibration in the middle ear?

A

Through the muscles in the middle ear.

51
Q

What is the role of the ossicles in the middle ear?

A

-To amplify sound waves by increasing vibrations
Or
-To reduce the sound waves by reducing vibrations (Reduced movement of the ossicles)

52
Q

Name the 2 muscles that the middle ear contains.

A
  • Tensor Tympani

- Stapedius

53
Q

What do the muscles in the middle ear do?

A

Reduce Vibration.

54
Q

What muscles helps so we don’t here full noise when we are chewing?

A

Tensor Tympani

55
Q

What are the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles involved in to reduce vibration?

A

They stabilise the ossicles in order to reduce the movement/vibration of the ossicles.

56
Q

If there is a really loud sound, what will happen?

A

The acoustic reflex will kick in and stop amplification.

57
Q

What does the Stapes connect up to?

A

The Oval Window.

58
Q

What is the bony labyrinth part of the ear?

A

The inner ear :)

59
Q

Name the 3 main parts of the inner ear.

A

The oval window
Cochlear
Semi-circular canals

60
Q

What do the semi-circular canals contain?

A
  • Hair cells

- Fluid.

61
Q

What is the role of the Semi-Circular canal?

A

It signals Head Movement.

62
Q

What structure in the inner ear sends information back to the brain about head movement?

A

Semi-Circular Canals.

63
Q

When the oral window vibrates, what does this disturb?

A

It disturbs the fluid within the cochlea.

64
Q

When the fluid is disturbed in the Cochlea, what does this result in?

A

This results in a series of vibrations of the floor of the cochlea.

65
Q

What is the floor of the cochlea called?

A

Basilar Membrane.

66
Q

What does the Basilar Membrane (of the cochlea) attach to?

A

It attaches to Organ of Corti.

67
Q

What is Organ of Corti?

A

Rows of hair cells.

68
Q

From the Organ of Corti, the sound wave is then transformed into a _____ and goes along the ______ nerve.

A

Nerve, Auditory.

Specialised Anatomy for SLT (13 decks)

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