Week 6 Slides- Larynx and Ear. Flashcards
The main laryngeal changes occur in ______.
Adulthood.
In adulthood, what happens to the cricoid?
It lowers.
What happens to the cartilages of the larynx often in adulthood?
They ossify and calcify.
in adulthood the _____ movements reduce.
Arytenoid.
Changes in the larynx tend to happen to males _____ than females.
Earlier.
What does puberty affect in terms of the larynx?
The thyroid becomes larger in males and the vocal folds become longer and thicker in males. Eg. Voice settles at lower pitch.
In what sex do all edges of the vocal folds adduct?
Male.
In young females the glottis remains partially _____ when it adducts.
Open.
What do you call it when the larynx is swollen?
Laryngitis.
What vocal misuse lead to in teachers and singers?
Nodes.
A growth on the larynx is called laryngeal ______.
Cancer.
Having a problem with nerve innervation can cause vocal fold _____.
Spasm.
Where does the ear sit?
The ear sits within the temporal bone.
The ear is a vital part of the ______ chain.
Speech.
The ear plays an in important in the ______ part of the speech chain.
Perception.
What are the 3 main parts of the ear?
Outer Ear
Middle Ear
Inner Ear
What is the outer most part of the outer ear called?
The Pinna (or auricle).
The outer ear works as a ______/_______.
Transmitter/Receiver.
Where does the pinna lead to?
To the external auditory meatus.
What is the other term for the ear canal?
The External Auditory Meatus.
Name the functions of The External Auditory Meatus.
- Filters out any dust.
- Amplifies sound waves.
What does the External Auditory Meatus contain?
Glands which produce wax.
What is the external auditory meatus surrounded by?
Cartilage initially then bone.
What does the external auditory meatus conduct?
It conducts sound energy.
Name the tube like structure that contains wax, is roughly 2 1/2 cm long and is slightly curved and goes upwards.
The External Auditory Meatus.
What does the wax in the external auditory meatus do?
Traps dust.
What is at the boundary between the outer ear and the middle ear?
The tympanic membrane (ear drum).
The outer ear ends at the _____ membrane.
Tympanic.
What is the tympanic membrane more commonly known as?
The Ear drum.
The tympanic membrane is very ______.
Thin.
The ear drum is made up of a layer of _____, layer of ________ membrane and layer of ______ tissue.
Skin, mucous, fibrous.
The tympanic membrane is made up of different ______.
Layers.
How does the tympanic membrane respond to a low frequency sound?
All of the tympanic membrane (ear drum) vibrates.
Air particles cause a series of _____ on the _______ _________.
Vibrations, Tympanic Membrane.
What part of the ear is sometimes referred to as the tympanic cavity?
The middle ear.
What is the tube like structure in the middle ear called?
The auditory tube.
Where does the auditory tube lead to?
The Nasopharynx.
The auditory tube is found behind the ______ ________.
Tympanic Membrane.
What structure allows the channel air between the middle ear and the nasopharynx?
Auditory Tube.
The auditory tube is an air-filled ______.
Cavity.
The middle ear contains some small bones, what are these known as?
Ossicles.
How many ossicles does the middle ear contain?
3.
Name the 3 ossicles of the middle ear.
- Malleus
- Incus
- Stapes
The ossicles connect to the ______ ____.
Ear drum.
What are the ossicles stabilized by?
Ligaments.
The ossicles can act as a bridge from ___ movement to _____ movement.
Air, Fluid.
The ossicles can act as a ____.
Lever.
Can the Ossicles move?
Yes.
What do the movements of the ossicles do?
They increase the vibrations.
If a sound is too loud, how can we stop vibration in the middle ear?
Through the muscles in the middle ear.
What is the role of the ossicles in the middle ear?
-To amplify sound waves by increasing vibrations
Or
-To reduce the sound waves by reducing vibrations (Reduced movement of the ossicles)
Name the 2 muscles that the middle ear contains.
- Tensor Tympani
- Stapedius
What do the muscles in the middle ear do?
Reduce Vibration.
What muscles helps so we don’t here full noise when we are chewing?
Tensor Tympani
What are the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles involved in to reduce vibration?
They stabilise the ossicles in order to reduce the movement/vibration of the ossicles.
If there is a really loud sound, what will happen?
The acoustic reflex will kick in and stop amplification.
What does the Stapes connect up to?
The Oval Window.
What is the bony labyrinth part of the ear?
The inner ear :)
Name the 3 main parts of the inner ear.
The oval window
Cochlear
Semi-circular canals
What do the semi-circular canals contain?
- Hair cells
- Fluid.
What is the role of the Semi-Circular canal?
It signals Head Movement.
What structure in the inner ear sends information back to the brain about head movement?
Semi-Circular Canals.
When the oral window vibrates, what does this disturb?
It disturbs the fluid within the cochlea.
When the fluid is disturbed in the Cochlea, what does this result in?
This results in a series of vibrations of the floor of the cochlea.
What is the floor of the cochlea called?
Basilar Membrane.
What does the Basilar Membrane (of the cochlea) attach to?
It attaches to Organ of Corti.
What is Organ of Corti?
Rows of hair cells.
From the Organ of Corti, the sound wave is then transformed into a _____ and goes along the ______ nerve.
Nerve, Auditory.
