Week 5 Slides- The Larynx Flashcards
1
Q
What is the Laryngeal Inlet?
A
The point where the pharynx turns into the larynx.
2
Q
The division point between the pharynx and larynx is known as the _____ _____.
A
Laryngeal Inlet.
3
Q
The skeletal framework of the larynx is made up of a series of _______.
A
Cartilages.
4
Q
Is the larynx flexible?
A
Yes.
5
Q
When does the larynx change?
A
As we age.
6
Q
The ______ ridges sit below the laryngeal cartilage.
A
Tracheal.
7
Q
What bone is not officially part of they larynx, but is connected?
A
The Hyoid Bone.
8
Q
What is the leaf like cartilage at the top of the larynx called?
A
The Epiglottal Cartilage.
9
Q
Name the main types of cartilage in the larynx.
A
Epiglottal Cartilage Thyroid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage Tracheal Cartilage Arytenoid Cartilages
10
Q
The epiglottal cartilage is a ____ cartilage behind the _____ and _____ bone.
A
Single, hyoid and tongue.
11
Q
What cartilages fuse together at the front to create the laryngeal prominence?
A
Thyroid Cartilages.
12
Q
The 2 plates of the thyroid cartilage ___ together at the _____.
A
Fuse, front.
13
Q
Describe what the back of the thyroid looks like.
A
- It has 2 long horns upwards
- It has 2 small horns downwards
14
Q
What are the 2 ____ horns of the thyroid that go upward coupled to?
A
Long, Hyoid bone.
15
Q
At the back of the thyroid, what do the 2 small horns that go downward connect to?
A
The 2 small horns of the thyroid cartilage connect to the cricoid cartilage.
16
Q
In real life all these structures are very ____.
A
small.
17
Q
What does the cricoid cartilage connect with?
A
It connects with the thyroid.
18
Q
Describe the structure of the cricoid cartilage.
A
The cricoid cartilage is a circular structure with signet at back, and thin part at the front, called the arch.
19
Q
The cricoid cartilage is thinner at the front than the back, what is this part at the front known as?
A
The Cricoid arch.
20
Q
The signet ring is at the ____ of the cricoid cartilage.
A
Back.
21
Q
Where are the main plates of the cricoid (back or front)?
A
At the back.
22
Q
The main plates of thyroid are at the ____, opposite from the cricoid.
A
Front.
23
Q
What are arytenoid cartilages?
A
Triangular structures that connect with the cricoid.
24
Q
The arytenoid cartilage is a _____ cartilage.
A
Paired.
25
The bump of cartilage in the middle of each arytenoid cartilage is called the ______ cartilage.
Cuneiform.
26
Close to the centre of the larynx, this bump of cartilage sits each on the inner side of the arytenoid cartilage triangle, name this.
Corniculate cartilage.
27
What do the vocal processes connect with?
The vocal folds.
28
As the arytenoid cartilage projects forwards (vocal processes), horizontally what does it connect with?
The vocal folds.
29
What cartilages must we look inside and downwards into the larynx to see?
Arytenoid Cartilages.
30
What cartilages play a part in moving the vocal folds?
Arytenoid Cartilages.
31
Name the 2 Laryngeal Joints.
Cricothyroid Joint
| Cricoarytenoid Joint.
32
What does the cricothyroid joint connect?
The Cricoid cartilage and the Thyroid cartilage.
33
The cricothyroid joint is very flexible. What is this called?
A Synovial Joint.
34
What do ligaments allow?
Ligaments allow the movement of a joint.
35
What surrounds the Cricothyroid Joint?
Ligaments
36
Name the 3 Ligaments that surround the Cricothyroid Joint.
Anterior Ceratocricoid
Lateral Ceratocricoid
Posterior Ceratocricoid.
37
The ligaments that surround the cricothyroid joints are known as ______ ligaments.
Ceratocricoid.
38
What do the Ceratocricoid Ligaments allow?
They allow the rotation and sliding of the cricothyroid joint.
39
Apart from the cricothyroid joint, name the other laryngeal joint.
Cricoarytenoid Joint.
40
What does the Cricoarytenoid connect?
The cricoid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilage.
41
How many ligaments surround the Cricoarytenoid Joint?
2
42
Name the two ligaments that surround the Cricoarytenoid Joint.
Anterior Cricoarytenoid
| Posterior Cricoarytenoid.
43
The ligaments that surround the cricoarytenoid joint are known as __________ ligaments.
Cricoarytenoid.
44
What do the Cricoarytenoid Ligaments allow?
They allow the rotation and sliding of the cricoarytenoid Joint.
45
The _____ ______ are the most important part of laryngeal activity.
Vocal Folds.
46
What do the vocal folds consist of?
Vocal Ligaments and mucous.
47
The vocal folds have a variety of _____ covered in mucous.
Muscles.
48
The vocal folds connect up to the _____ _______.
Vocal processes.
49
Where do the vocal folds connect to at the front of the larynx?
The thyroid cartilages.
50
Where do the vocal folds connect to at the back of the larynx?
The arytenoid cartilages.
51
As the vocal folds are connected to the front and back of the inside of the larynx, this creates a ____ space in ______, this is called the ______.
Triangular, between, glottis.
52
The movement of the larynx affects ____ _____ movement.
Vocal fold.
53
Vestibular ligament and mucous makes up the ______ ______.
Vestibular Folds.
54
The ____ vocal cords sit above the vocal cords.
Vestibular/False
55
What is the scientific name for the false vocal folds?
Vestibular folds.
56
Similar to the true vocal folds, the ligaments of the false vocal folds stretch from the _______ (front) to the _____ (back).
Thyroid, Arytenoid.
57
The small triangular space between the Vestibular Folds, is known as what?
The false glottis.
58
What are the pink folds above and to the side of the true vocal folds?
The false vocal folds.
59
Laryngeal muscles can be ____ or _______.
Intrinsic, Extrinsic.
60
What is the function of Intrinsic Laryngeal muscles?
To stabilise the larynx and to have an impact on the vocal folds themselves.
61
What is the function of the Extrinsic Laryngeal muscles?
To adjust and move the larynx.
62
Are these intrinsic or extrinsic laryngeal muscles?
- Cricothyroid
- Thyroarytenoid
Intrinsic.
63
The transverse arytenoids are ____ muscles of the larynx.
Intrinsic.
64
Are the posterior and lateral Cricoarytenoid muscles intrinsic or extrinsic?
Intrinsic.
65
Name the 2 main categories of Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles.
- Suprahyoid Muscles
| - Infrahyoid muscles
66
List the suprahyoid muscles.
- Stylohyoid
- Digastric
- Mylohyoid
- Geniohyoid
67
What are the following muscles categorised as?
- Omohyoid
- Sternohyoid
- Sternothyroid
- Thyrohyoid
Infrahyoid muscles.
68
Where does the cricothyroid muscle run from?
It runs from the cricoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage.
69
The cricothyroid muscle is an _______ laryngeal muscle.
Intrinsic
70
What does the cricothyroid muscle do?
It tightens the vocal folds by lifting at front and pulling down at back, making them stretch.
71
What muscle tightens and stretches the vocal folds?
Cricothyroid Muscle.
72
The ______ muscle makes the vocal folds thinner.
Cricothyroid.
73
If the vocal folds are thinner we can make sounds of a ______ pitch.
Higher.
74
What does the Thyroarytenoid muscle pass from?
It passes from the Thyroid to the vocal process (of the arytenoids).
75
What is the function of the Thyroarytenoid muscle?
It relaxes and shortens the vocal folds.
76
The _____ muscle helps to create a lower pitch as they relax and ____ the vocal folds making them weaker and _____ to move.
Thyroarytenoid, shorten, slower.
77
Name the part of the Thyroarytenoid muscle that inserts into vocal process and is the muscular portion of the vocal folds.
Vocalis
78
What lies parallel with the vocal folds?
The Vocalis.
79
The Vocalis is the muscular portion of what?
The vocal folds.
80
What muscle connects the Back of the cricoid with the arytenoid?
The posterior cricoarytenoid.
81
What is the function of the posterior cricoarytenoid?
- Rotates the arytenoids separating the vocal folds, making them move outwards
- This opens the vocal folds wider.
82
What do the transverse arytenoids connect?
They connect the two arytenoids.
83
What is the function of the transverse (and oblique) arytenoids?
- To Adduct the arytenoids
| - This closes the posterior glottis as it pulls the vocal folds together.
84
What does the Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle connect?
The Cricoid to the Arytenoid.
85
What muscle rotates the arytenoids, moving the vocal folds closer together (adduction)?
Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle.
86
What is the main adductor of the vocal folds?
Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle.
87
Name the muscle that's main function is to pull the glottis together?
Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle.
88
What does the Vocalis do?
Increases the thickness of vocal folds.
89
What muscle lengthens and stretches the vocal folds?
Cricothyroid Muscle.
90
What muscle separates the vocal folds?
The Posterior Cricoarytenoid.
91
What is the function of the Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle?
To close the glottis.
92
What muscle closes the posterior glottis?
Transverse Arytenoids.
93
What shortens and relaxes the vocal folds?
The Thyroarytenoid.
94
Name the 3 extrinsic muscles that stabilise and support the larynx.
- Thyrohyoid
- Sternothyroid
- Inferior Constrictor
95
What extrinsic muscle raises the larynx?
The Thyrohyoid.
96
The ___________ muscle that connects the thyroid and hyoid is known as the ____________.
Extrinsic, Thyrohyoid.
97
What is the function of the Sternothyroid?
To pull the Larynx (thyroid) Downwards.
98
Name the muscle that connects the thyroid to the sternum.
Sternothyroid.
99
What is the role of the Inferior Constrictor?
To stabilise the larynx.
100
Where is the inferior constrictor found?
The bottom of the pharynx.
101
What muscle arises from the sides of the cricoid and thyroid cartilages?
Inferior Constrictor.
102
Name the 2 Infrahyoid muscles that help to pull the larynx down.
Omohyoid
| Sternohyoid.
103
The ______ muscle helps to pull the larynx down and back.
Omohyoid.
104
What is the role of the Sternohyoid muscle?
To help pull the larynx down.
105
What is the role of the suprahyoid muscles (stylohyoid, Geniohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric)?
To help lift/raise the larynx.
106
The ______ muscles have an indirect relationship with the larynx but help to raise it.
Suprahyoid.
107
What does swallowing do to the larynx?
It closes off the larynx.
108
During swallowing, describe how the larynx is closed and the muscles used to do this.
1. Palate raised to close the nasal cavity by the Levatoer Palatini
2. Vocal folds closed by the Lateral Cricoarytenoid
109
During quiet breathing, the vocal folds are _____ by the _______ _______.
Abducted, Posterior Cricoarytenoid.
110
During forced breathing, the vocal folds are _____ plus ______, this requires actions of the posterior cricoarytenoid and _______.
Abducted, relaxation, Thyroarytenoid.
111
During phonation what happens to the glottis?
The glottis is narrowed to allow vibration.
112
How is the glottis narrowed in order to allow vibration?
The lateral cricoarytenoid and the Transverse arytenoid muscles are used.
113
Aging can cause the cricoid to _____.
Lower.
114
As a result of aging what can happen to the cartilages of the larynx?
They can ossify and calcify.
115
As a result of age the ____ cartilage movements are reduced.
Arytenoids.
116
Name the 2 main biological sex differences of the Larynx.
- The thyroid is bigger in men
| - The Vocal folds are longer and thicker in males.
