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Specialised Anatomy for SLT > Week 2 Slides > Flashcards

Week 2 Slides Flashcards

1
Q

Name the main parts of the oral cavity.

A 
Hard palate
Soft Palate
Oropharynx
Palatine Tonsil
Tongue
Posterior faucial pillar
Anterior faucial pillar
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2
Q

What is another word that can be reffered to as nasal or related to the soft palate/pharynx?

A

Velopharyngeal

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3
Q

Above the nasal cavity, there are ______ receptors.

A

olfactory

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4
Q

What are olfactory receptors responsible for?

A

Sense of smell.

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5
Q

What does the Nasal Cavity include?

A

The Nasal Septum and Nasal Conchae

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6
Q

What is the conchae shaped like?

A

An elongated sea shell.

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7
Q

What does the nasal cavity do?

A

It warms and moistens inspired air.

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8
Q

What is the nasal cavity covered with?

A

Warm and moist mucosa

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9
Q

What are the nasal conchae?

A

They are folded bones in the nasal cavity

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10
Q

How many conchae do we have?

A

3

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11
Q

Name the 3 conchae.

A

Superior concha
Middle Concha
Inferior concha

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12
Q

What are the conchae lined with?

A

Mucosa

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13
Q

What can’t the oral cavity become? This burdens the lungs.

A

It can’t become warm or moist.

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14
Q

When running where is it better to inspire through?

A

Its better to inspire through the nose.

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15
Q

Breathing through the nose slows the air escape, what does this mean?

A

It means that the lungs have more time to extract oxygen from them.

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16
Q

What is the front part of the nasal septum composed of?

A

Cartilage

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17
Q

What is the back part of the nasal septum composed of?

A

Bone

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18
Q

The front part of the nasal septum is _____.

A

Flexible

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19
Q

What does the nasal septum do?

A

It separates/divides the nasal cavity into 2 nostrils.

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20
Q

What reduces the weight of the head and enables good nasal voice?

A

The Paranasal Sinuses

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21
Q

Without _______ _______ your head would feel heavy and humming would sound bad.

A

Paranasal sinuses.

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22
Q

What is the main paranasal sinus called?

A

The Maxillary Sinus

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23
Q

What paranasal sinus is most likely to have inflammation, and what is this known as?

A

Maxillary Sinus, Maxillary Sinusitis

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24
Q

Sinuses that open into the nasal cavity are known as _______ sinuses.

A

Paranasal

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25
Q

Name the 4 types of paranasal sinuses.

A

Maxillary Sinus
Frontal Sinus
Ethmoid Sinus
Sphenoidal Sinus

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26
Q

What is the maxillary sinus’ top connected to?

A

The nasal cavity

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27
Q

Because the Maxillary sinus’ top is connected to the nasal cavity, what does this cause?

A

This causes ponding secretion to cause inflammation.

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28
Q

Dust coming into the nasal cavity is stuck to the nasal _______.

A

secretion.

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29
Q

What happens to the nasal secretion?

A

We either swallow it together with saliva or we can blow it out.

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30
Q

How many parts is the pharynx divided into?

A

3

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31
Q

Name the divisions of the pharynx.

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
(NOL)

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32
Q

Describe the flow of air through the air passage.

A

Air flows from Nasal Cavity > Nasopharynx > Oropharynx > Larynx > Trachea

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33
Q

When you open the mouth widely what can be seen?

A

(the back wall of the ) Oropharynx

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34
Q

Where is the tonsil?

A

The tonsil is between the oral cavity and oropharynx.

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35
Q

The tonsil gets bigger when inflammation occurs, what is this known as?

A

tonsillitis

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36
Q

The pharynx is a ________ tube.

A

muscular

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37
Q

Tonsillitis happens because the tonsil eats the infectious viri that come to the ______.

A

pharynx

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38
Q

What is the tube connecting the nasopharynx with the middle ear?

A

The Auditory Tube

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39
Q

Inflammation of the ________ can be spread through the auditory tube to the ______ ______.

A

nasopharynx, middle ear

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40
Q

The Eustachian tube/ Pharyngotympanic tube are other names for what?

A

The auditory tube.

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41
Q

When on a plane, the decrease in atmospheric pressure can cause what?

A

The tympanic membrane to protrude outward (ear gets sore).

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42
Q

What links the lateral wall of the nasopharynx to the ear?

A

The auditory tube

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43
Q

When does the auditory tube open?

A

Opens during swallowing and yawning.

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44
Q

So when our ears are sore what two things will cause them to pop?

A

Swallowing saliva or yawning.

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45
Q

The soft palate and uvula make up the _____.

A

Velum.

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46
Q

What does the velum attach to?

A

It attaches to the bones of the hard palate and muscles of pharynx.

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47
Q

What is the function of the Palatal Tensor (Tensor veli palatine)?

A

It tenses the soft palate
Assists the Palatal Levator in raising velum
Assists in opening of auditory tube during swallowing and yawning.

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48
Q

What moves the velum upwards and backwards?

A

Palatal Levator (levator veli palatini)

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49
Q

The Levator Veli Palatini raises the velum towards the _______.

A

pharynx

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50
Q

When the velum is lifted upwards and backwards what does this close off?

A

It closes the Velopharyngeal Port.

51
Q

What is the space between the Nasal and Oral cavity known as (soft palate and backwall of pharynx)?

A

The velopharyngeal port.

52
Q

What is the palatopharyngeus?

A

A small muscle in the roof of the mouth

53
Q

What is the function of the palatopharyngeus muscle?

A

It pulls the Pharynx upward (over the bolus of food during swallowing).

54
Q

The palatoglossus is a muscle of the ______.

A

tongue

55
Q

What is the function of the palatoglossus?

A

To elevate the (dorsum of the) tongue.

56
Q

What does the palate tend to refer to?

A

The alveolar process (including alveolar ridge) and hard palate.

57
Q

The _____ cavity includes the ____, tongue and palate.

A

oral, cavity

58
Q

What does the palate divide?

A

It divides the nasal and oral cavities.

59
Q

What is at the posterior end of the (soft) palate?

A

Uvula

60
Q

The anterior part of the palate is called the ____ palate.

A

Hard

61
Q

What does the hard palate mainly consist of?

A

Bones

62
Q

The posterior part of the palate is called the ______ palate.

A

Soft

63
Q

What does the soft palate mainly consist of?

A

Muscle

64
Q

Snoring sound comes from the vibration of the _____ palate.

A

Soft.

65
Q

From the soft palate, two arches come down and the ____ is located between the arch and soft palate on either side. What are these arches known as?

A

Tonsil

Posterior Faucial Pillars

66
Q

The first set of vertical folds of tissue we see at the sides of the mouth (pinkest ones) are known as what?

A

The Anterior Faucial Pillars

67
Q

What is the hard palate covered in?

A

A mucous membrane

68
Q

Where is the mucous membrane of the hard palate thickest?

A

At the front and at the sides.

69
Q

The mucous membrane covering the hard palate is thinnest where?

A

Thinnest in the middle.

70
Q

The mucous membrane is rougher where?

A

At the front of the hard palate.

71
Q

What is the wrinkled membrane at the front of the hard palate called?

A

Rugae

72
Q

Name the 2 bones that the hard palate consists of?

A

Palatine Process (Maxilla) and Horizontal Plates of the Palatine Bone.

73
Q

What is the raised ridge in the middle of the hard palate called?

A

Palatine Raphe.

74
Q

What part of the palate forms first?

A

The anterior palate aka. the primary palate

75
Q

What does the formation of the primary palate allow?

A

The partial separation of nasal and oral cavities.

76
Q

When does the primary palate form?

A

4 weeks after conception.

77
Q

At what week (after conception) do the lateral palatine processes arise from maxillary processes?

A

6 weeks after conception

78
Q

At 8 weeks after conception the lateral palatine processes move _____ and meet the ______.

A

horizontally, midline

79
Q

Between 8 and 10 weeks after conception, what begins?

A

Palatal Fusion begins.

80
Q

Between 0-1 months what happens during oral sound production?

A

The velum begins to close during oral sound production.

81
Q

Between 0-2 months there is a rapid _____ of the soft and hard _____.

A

growth, palate

82
Q

When does the velum close (fully)/ move up and down during oral speech?

A

3/4 months

83
Q

What grows between 2 and 10 months?

A

Adenoids (nasopharyngeal tonsils)

84
Q

What are Adenoids?

A

They are small lumps of tissue at the back of the nose (nasopharynx), above the roof of the mouth.

85
Q

Across Lifespan what happens to Adenoids?

A

They shrink and by adulthood disappear completely.

86
Q

What is the main difference between the oral cavity of a baby (neonate) and an adult?

A

Everything in the neonate’s oral cavity is further back, there is less space and everything is more close.

87
Q

What is the jaw called?

A

The mandible

88
Q

The mandible is important for _____ _______.

A

Speech production

89
Q

What is the mobile part of the skull?

A

The mandible is the mobile part of the skull.

90
Q

What connects the cranium (temporal bone) and the mandible?

A

The temporomandibular joint

91
Q

Surrounding the temporomandibular joint is the temporomandibular ______.

A

Ligament.

92
Q

The Temporomandibular joint has an ________ disc.

A

Articular

93
Q

From the top of the mandible name the main parts.

A

Condylar Process
Ramus
Alveolar Process (under bottom teeth)
Mandible Body

94
Q

Name the 4 main muscles of jaw movement.

A

Pterygoid
Digrastic
Masseter
Temporalis

95
Q

What muscles of the jaw are hidden on the inside?

A

Pterygoid muscles.

96
Q

What is the function of the Pterygoid muscle?

A

To elevate the jaw (close the jaw), assists in mastication.

97
Q

What muscle pulls the jaw back?

A

The Digrastic muscle.

98
Q

What is the function of the masseter muscle?

A

To raise the mandible.

99
Q

What muscle moves the jaw upwards and backwards?

A

The temporalis.

100
Q

You get an internal and external _____ muscle of the jaw.

A

Pterygoid.

101
Q

What two hyoid muscles can also be involved in the actions of the mandible?

A

Geniohyoid and Mylohyoid

102
Q

The _____ and _______ assist in depressing the mandible.

A

Geniohyoid and mylohyoid.

103
Q

Depression of the mandible _____ the mouth.

A

opens

104
Q

What is dentition to do with?

A

Teeth.

105
Q

The hard tooth allows us to chew on ____ _____.

A

hard objects.

106
Q

A child has ____ _______ teeth.

A

20 deciduous

107
Q

How many permanent teeth do adults have?

A

32

108
Q

32 _____ teeth are made up of 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars and 12 molars.

A

permanent

109
Q

Teeth alignment is _______.

A

symmetrical- both left and right and up and down.

110
Q

Where are teeth embedded?

A

In the mandible (bottom teeth) or the maxilla (top teeth)

111
Q

What are embedded teeth surrounded by?

A

Gingiva

112
Q

People suffer commonly fro, inflammation in their ______ surrounding the teeth.

A

Gingiva

113
Q

What is occlusion?

A

The relationship between opposing teeth.

114
Q

When teeth occlude different from normal, what is this called?

A

Malocclusion.

115
Q

There are _ classes of malocclusion.

A

3

116
Q

Describe Class I Malocclusion.

A

Overcrowding and misalignment

117
Q

When the Maxillary arch is further forward than the mandibular arch, what class is this?

A

Class II

118
Q

Class III is the opposite of Class __.

A

II

119
Q

Describe Class III.

A

The mandibular arch is further forward than the maxillary arch.

120
Q

Between ages 5 and 7 we lose _____ teeth.

A

Primary.

121
Q

At age 6, what reaches adult size?

A

The skull.

122
Q

From ages 7-11 the ___ face continues to grow.

A

lower

123
Q

From age 9-16, what grows?

A

Tongue, mandible and lips.

124
Q

When the hard and soft palate haven’t fused properly, what can this result in?

A

Cleft Palate.

Specialised Anatomy for SLT (13 decks)

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