Week 2 Slides Flashcards
Name the main parts of the oral cavity.
Hard palate Soft Palate Oropharynx Palatine Tonsil Tongue Posterior faucial pillar Anterior faucial pillar
What is another word that can be reffered to as nasal or related to the soft palate/pharynx?
Velopharyngeal
Above the nasal cavity, there are ______ receptors.
olfactory
What are olfactory receptors responsible for?
Sense of smell.
What does the Nasal Cavity include?
The Nasal Septum and Nasal Conchae
What is the conchae shaped like?
An elongated sea shell.
What does the nasal cavity do?
It warms and moistens inspired air.
What is the nasal cavity covered with?
Warm and moist mucosa
What are the nasal conchae?
They are folded bones in the nasal cavity
How many conchae do we have?
3
Name the 3 conchae.
Superior concha
Middle Concha
Inferior concha
What are the conchae lined with?
Mucosa
What can’t the oral cavity become? This burdens the lungs.
It can’t become warm or moist.
When running where is it better to inspire through?
Its better to inspire through the nose.
Breathing through the nose slows the air escape, what does this mean?
It means that the lungs have more time to extract oxygen from them.
What is the front part of the nasal septum composed of?
Cartilage
What is the back part of the nasal septum composed of?
Bone
The front part of the nasal septum is _____.
Flexible
What does the nasal septum do?
It separates/divides the nasal cavity into 2 nostrils.
What reduces the weight of the head and enables good nasal voice?
The Paranasal Sinuses
Without _______ _______ your head would feel heavy and humming would sound bad.
Paranasal sinuses.
What is the main paranasal sinus called?
The Maxillary Sinus
What paranasal sinus is most likely to have inflammation, and what is this known as?
Maxillary Sinus, Maxillary Sinusitis
Sinuses that open into the nasal cavity are known as _______ sinuses.
Paranasal
Name the 4 types of paranasal sinuses.
Maxillary Sinus
Frontal Sinus
Ethmoid Sinus
Sphenoidal Sinus
What is the maxillary sinus’ top connected to?
The nasal cavity
Because the Maxillary sinus’ top is connected to the nasal cavity, what does this cause?
This causes ponding secretion to cause inflammation.
Dust coming into the nasal cavity is stuck to the nasal _______.
secretion.
What happens to the nasal secretion?
We either swallow it together with saliva or we can blow it out.
How many parts is the pharynx divided into?
3
Name the divisions of the pharynx.
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
(NOL)
Describe the flow of air through the air passage.
Air flows from Nasal Cavity > Nasopharynx > Oropharynx > Larynx > Trachea
When you open the mouth widely what can be seen?
(the back wall of the ) Oropharynx
Where is the tonsil?
The tonsil is between the oral cavity and oropharynx.
The tonsil gets bigger when inflammation occurs, what is this known as?
tonsillitis
The pharynx is a ________ tube.
muscular
Tonsillitis happens because the tonsil eats the infectious viri that come to the ______.
pharynx
What is the tube connecting the nasopharynx with the middle ear?
The Auditory Tube
Inflammation of the ________ can be spread through the auditory tube to the ______ ______.
nasopharynx, middle ear
The Eustachian tube/ Pharyngotympanic tube are other names for what?
The auditory tube.
When on a plane, the decrease in atmospheric pressure can cause what?
The tympanic membrane to protrude outward (ear gets sore).
What links the lateral wall of the nasopharynx to the ear?
The auditory tube
When does the auditory tube open?
Opens during swallowing and yawning.
So when our ears are sore what two things will cause them to pop?
Swallowing saliva or yawning.
The soft palate and uvula make up the _____.
Velum.
What does the velum attach to?
It attaches to the bones of the hard palate and muscles of pharynx.
What is the function of the Palatal Tensor (Tensor veli palatine)?
It tenses the soft palate
Assists the Palatal Levator in raising velum
Assists in opening of auditory tube during swallowing and yawning.
What moves the velum upwards and backwards?
Palatal Levator (levator veli palatini)
The Levator Veli Palatini raises the velum towards the _______.
pharynx
When the velum is lifted upwards and backwards what does this close off?
It closes the Velopharyngeal Port.
What is the space between the Nasal and Oral cavity known as (soft palate and backwall of pharynx)?
The velopharyngeal port.
What is the palatopharyngeus?
A small muscle in the roof of the mouth
What is the function of the palatopharyngeus muscle?
It pulls the Pharynx upward (over the bolus of food during swallowing).
The palatoglossus is a muscle of the ______.
tongue
What is the function of the palatoglossus?
To elevate the (dorsum of the) tongue.
What does the palate tend to refer to?
The alveolar process (including alveolar ridge) and hard palate.
The _____ cavity includes the ____, tongue and palate.
oral, cavity
What does the palate divide?
It divides the nasal and oral cavities.
What is at the posterior end of the (soft) palate?
Uvula
The anterior part of the palate is called the ____ palate.
Hard
What does the hard palate mainly consist of?
Bones
The posterior part of the palate is called the ______ palate.
Soft
What does the soft palate mainly consist of?
Muscle
Snoring sound comes from the vibration of the _____ palate.
Soft.
From the soft palate, two arches come down and the ____ is located between the arch and soft palate on either side. What are these arches known as?
Tonsil
Posterior Faucial Pillars
The first set of vertical folds of tissue we see at the sides of the mouth (pinkest ones) are known as what?
The Anterior Faucial Pillars
What is the hard palate covered in?
A mucous membrane
Where is the mucous membrane of the hard palate thickest?
At the front and at the sides.
The mucous membrane covering the hard palate is thinnest where?
Thinnest in the middle.
The mucous membrane is rougher where?
At the front of the hard palate.
What is the wrinkled membrane at the front of the hard palate called?
Rugae
Name the 2 bones that the hard palate consists of?
Palatine Process (Maxilla) and Horizontal Plates of the Palatine Bone.
What is the raised ridge in the middle of the hard palate called?
Palatine Raphe.
What part of the palate forms first?
The anterior palate aka. the primary palate
What does the formation of the primary palate allow?
The partial separation of nasal and oral cavities.
When does the primary palate form?
4 weeks after conception.
At what week (after conception) do the lateral palatine processes arise from maxillary processes?
6 weeks after conception
At 8 weeks after conception the lateral palatine processes move _____ and meet the ______.
horizontally, midline
Between 8 and 10 weeks after conception, what begins?
Palatal Fusion begins.
Between 0-1 months what happens during oral sound production?
The velum begins to close during oral sound production.
Between 0-2 months there is a rapid _____ of the soft and hard _____.
growth, palate
When does the velum close (fully)/ move up and down during oral speech?
3/4 months
What grows between 2 and 10 months?
Adenoids (nasopharyngeal tonsils)
What are Adenoids?
They are small lumps of tissue at the back of the nose (nasopharynx), above the roof of the mouth.
Across Lifespan what happens to Adenoids?
They shrink and by adulthood disappear completely.
What is the main difference between the oral cavity of a baby (neonate) and an adult?
Everything in the neonate’s oral cavity is further back, there is less space and everything is more close.
What is the jaw called?
The mandible
The mandible is important for _____ _______.
Speech production
What is the mobile part of the skull?
The mandible is the mobile part of the skull.
What connects the cranium (temporal bone) and the mandible?
The temporomandibular joint
Surrounding the temporomandibular joint is the temporomandibular ______.
Ligament.
The Temporomandibular joint has an ________ disc.
Articular
From the top of the mandible name the main parts.
Condylar Process
Ramus
Alveolar Process (under bottom teeth)
Mandible Body
Name the 4 main muscles of jaw movement.
Pterygoid
Digrastic
Masseter
Temporalis
What muscles of the jaw are hidden on the inside?
Pterygoid muscles.
What is the function of the Pterygoid muscle?
To elevate the jaw (close the jaw), assists in mastication.
What muscle pulls the jaw back?
The Digrastic muscle.
What is the function of the masseter muscle?
To raise the mandible.
What muscle moves the jaw upwards and backwards?
The temporalis.
You get an internal and external _____ muscle of the jaw.
Pterygoid.
What two hyoid muscles can also be involved in the actions of the mandible?
Geniohyoid and Mylohyoid
The _____ and _______ assist in depressing the mandible.
Geniohyoid and mylohyoid.
Depression of the mandible _____ the mouth.
opens
What is dentition to do with?
Teeth.
The hard tooth allows us to chew on ____ _____.
hard objects.
A child has ____ _______ teeth.
20 deciduous
How many permanent teeth do adults have?
32
32 _____ teeth are made up of 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars and 12 molars.
permanent
Teeth alignment is _______.
symmetrical- both left and right and up and down.
Where are teeth embedded?
In the mandible (bottom teeth) or the maxilla (top teeth)
What are embedded teeth surrounded by?
Gingiva
People suffer commonly fro, inflammation in their ______ surrounding the teeth.
Gingiva
What is occlusion?
The relationship between opposing teeth.
When teeth occlude different from normal, what is this called?
Malocclusion.
There are _ classes of malocclusion.
3
Describe Class I Malocclusion.
Overcrowding and misalignment
When the Maxillary arch is further forward than the mandibular arch, what class is this?
Class II
Class III is the opposite of Class __.
II
Describe Class III.
The mandibular arch is further forward than the maxillary arch.
Between ages 5 and 7 we lose _____ teeth.
Primary.
At age 6, what reaches adult size?
The skull.
From ages 7-11 the ___ face continues to grow.
lower
From age 9-16, what grows?
Tongue, mandible and lips.
When the hard and soft palate haven’t fused properly, what can this result in?
Cleft Palate.
