Week 3 slides- Tongue Flashcards
Name the 3 roles of the tongue.
- Taste
- helps us to chew
- articulation
The tongue shapes _____ voice into words.
laryngeal
What on the tongue enables us to taste food?
Receptors on the tongue
The tongue moves _____.
Freely.
What is the tongue composed of?
Hundreds of small muscles.
What is the piece of skin under the tongue, attaching it to the floor of the mouth called?
Frenulum
One option for treating short tongue is to cut the _____.
Frenulum
Why are the left and right sides of the frenulum protruded?
Because the submandibular and sublingual glands are opened there to release saliva.
What are the 2 main categories of tongue muscles?
Extrinsic and Intrinsic
Define what is meant by an extrinsic tongue muscle.
A muscle that attaches to the hyoid bone, mandible or styloid process of the skull.
(ex=exterior)
What do you call a muscle inside the tongue?
An intrinsic muscle.
in=inside/interior
Name the 4 main extrinsic tongue muscles.
Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
Hyoglossus
Name the 4 main intrinsic muscles.
Longitudinalis Superior
Longitudinalis Inferior
Transverse
Verticalis
What is the main muscle responsible for protruding (sticking out) the tongue?
The Genioglossus
What shape is the Genioglossus muscle?
A fan shaped muscle.
What is the action of the Genioglossus?
It protracts and depresses the tongue.
The _______ rises from the mental spine of the mandible and its insertions are the hyoid bone and the bottom of the tongue.
Genioglossus
What is the function of the Styloglossus?
To draw the sides of the tongue upwards (to create a trough eg.for swallowing)
The ________ retracts and elevates the tongue.
Styloglossus.
The Origin of the ____ muscle is the styloid process.
Styloglossus
Name the tongue muscle that has the hyoid bone as its insertion.
Hyoglossus.
What is the role of the Hyoglossus?
It depresses and retracts the tongue.
The Hyoglossus makes the dorsum more ________.
Convex.
What muscles go across the tongue?
The transverse lingual muscle (and vertical lingual muscles).
What does the transverse (lingual muscle)do?
Elongates, narrows and protrudes the tongue.
What does the Verticalis (vertical lingual) muscle do?
Broaden and flatten the tongue.
The ___________ muscle retracts, curls the tongue tips and sides superiorly (changes the shape of the tongue).
Superior Longitudinal
What is the function of the Inferior Longitudinal muscle?
To lift the tongue tip.
Muscles can have functional sub-compartments called _______.
neuromuscular compartments
What muscle has a number of functional compartments?
The genioglossus.
What muscle sits below the Genioglossus?
The Geniohyoid
What does the Geniohyoid elevate?
It elevates the hyoid bone.
What muscle elevates the floor of the tongue, which shuts of the oral cavity from the oropharynx?
Palatoglossus.
What muscle can narrow and point the tongue?
The Styloglossus.
Why do we have a groove in the middle of the tongue?
As the genioglossus pulls down the centre of the tongue.
When producing a high front vowel, this requires the tongue to move where? What muscles would be used?
up and forward.
Genioglossus and Styloglossus.
What sound would we need to contract the superior and inferior Longitudinalis muscles for?
Retroflex
What can move the tongue (tip) left and right?
The Inferior Longitudinal Muscle.
What is the tongue shape when we produce a plosive?
The tongue cups :)
Why can not everyone make certain tongue shapes?
Due to variation (whether it be genetic or the shape of hard palate etc.)
The brain learns a combination of signals to control _____ for _____ _______.
muscles, speech output.
When people don’t have a tongue so instead use hyoid and floor of mouth muscles to articulate, what is this condition known as?
Aglossia
