The Nervous System 1 (wk 8) Flashcards
What does the CNS stand for?
Central Nervous System.
What are the main components of the CNS?
Cerebrum, Cerebellum and Brain Stem.
What does the PNS consist of?
Nerve Cells.
Name the 3 main parts of a neuron.
- cell body
- dendrite
- axon
What are bundles of axons in the CNS called?
Tracts.
What are bundles of axons in the PNS called?
Nerves.
What are axons responsible for?
Sending Information.
What part of the neuron receives information?
Dendrites.
Why is the brain a soft jelly?
So it doesn’t damage the skull when it moves around inside it.
The brain has 2 _________.
Hemispheres.
What are the hemispheres of the brain (cerebrum) called?
Cerebral Hemispheres.
What connects the two (cerebral) hemispheres?
Corpus Callosum.
What is the Corpus Callosum?
Network of white matter/ fibres that connect the two hemispheres.
What is the surface of the cerebrum known as?
Cortex.
The brain is ______ in nature, this occurs 3-4 months into development.
Folded.
Why is the brain folded?
So lots of tissue can be squeezed into a small area.
The cortex can be divided into areas of _________.
Function.
What can the cortex be divided into?
Lobes.
Each hemisphere is divided by groove like depressions, name these.
Sulcus.
What are the bumps of the brain called?
Gyri.
What is the main division between hemispheres?
Longitudinal Fissure.
How many lobes does the brain have?
4.
What sulcus is between the frontal and parietal lobe?
The central sulcus.
What is found underneath grey matter?
White matter.
What is white matter?
Nerve Fibres.
Name the 4 lobes of the cerebrum.
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
Sylvian Fissure is found _______ the frontal lobe.
Below..
What lobe is anterior to the central fissure/sulcus?
The Frontal Lobe.
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Voluntary motor control, speech and eye, movement.
What is the very front of the frontal lobe responsible for?
Executive Functioning.
What does executive functioning mean?
Planning, analysing and reflecting.
Where is the primary motor cortex found?
In the frontal lobe.
The right hemisphere controls what side of our body?
The left side. (and vice versa).
What parts of the primary motor cortex are responsible for speech?
Lower Parts of Motor Cortex.
What movements do the lower parts of the Primary Motor Cortex control for speech production?
They control the movement of the larynx, lips, face and tongue.
What is the lower end of the Primary Motor immediately adjacent to?
Broca’s Area.
What is Broca’s Area the area for?
It is the area for Speech Production.
What is the function of Broca’s Area?
It works out what motor planning is required for speech production.
What is Broca’s Area within?
It is within the inferior frontal gyrus.
What lobe is Broca’s Area very close to?
The temporal Lobe.
The _____ ______ cortex performs movement.
Primary Motor.
What runs alongside the primary motor cortex that’s responsible for extra planning and organisation of motor control (for speech)?
Pre-Motor Cortex.
Broca’s area has a central role in _______ and ___________ of ______ behaviour required for _______ production.
Organisation, Planning, Motor, Speech.
What cortex specialises in executive functioning and personality?
Pre-frontal cortex.
If there is trauma/damage to the Prefrontal Cortex what will happen?
Personality Change.
Describe the location of the parietal lobe.
- Posterior to Central fissure/sulcus.
- Lower border at Sylvian fissure
What does the parietal lobe do?
-Receives sensory information from body eg. speech, eye movement and touch.
The parietal lobe is responsible for ___________ processing.
Visuospatial.
What cortex responds to touch and pain stimuli?
Primary Sensory Cortex.
In what lobe is the Primary Sensory Cortex?
The parietal lobe. (anterior part)
The posterior parietal cortex processes different stimuli to help plan ______ acts.
Motor.
Name the 2 important Gyri in the parietal lobe.
Supramaringal gyrus
Angular gyrus
Name the gyrus that sits at the junction of the parietal, occipital and temporal lobes.
Angular Gyrus.
If you have a lesion in the angular gyrus, what will be impaired?
High order language processing eg. understanding metaphors.
The angular gyrus is close to the ______ lobe for language comprehension.
Temporal.
What is the Supramaringal gyrus involved in?
Word meaning, ability to connect word meanings with action patterns (can follow an instruction like “raise your hand”).
What does the Supramaringal gyrus connect to?
Planning areas.
What lobe is closest to the ear?
The temporal lobe.
Name the lobe:
- Low side of hemisphere
- It’s upper border is at the Sylvian fissure.
Temporal Lobe.
Name the 3 Major Gyri of the temporal lobe.
Superior Gyrus
Medial Gyrus
Inferior Gyrus.
What is the temporal lobe involved in?
- Long Term memory
- Perception and comprehension of Speech and Language.
Name 3 important areas in the temporal lobe.
- Auditory Association Area
- Primary Auditory Cortex
- Wernicke’s Area.
What assists the primary auditory cortex?
Auditory Association Area.
What is the function of the Auditory Association Area?
It helps the Primary Auditory Cortex by receiving basic analysis and performs higher level analysis.
Name the first cortical location for processing auditory signals.
Primary Auditory Cortex.
What does the Primary Auditory Cortex do?
It receives basic signals and analyses/ deals with incoming auditory information.
What area is the primary site for Speech and Language Comprehension?
Wernicke’s Area.
The Primary _____ Cortex along with other areas in other lobes also have functions in speech and language comprehension.
Auditory.
Name the smallest lobe of the brain.
Occipital Lobe.
The occipital lobe is found at the ______ parts of the hemispheres.
Posterior.
What does the occipital lobe contain and what does this do?
It contains Primary Visual Cortex which processes visual information.
Where is the insula found?
Underneath the sylvian fissure (hidden).
Is the insula a cortex or a lobe?
The insula is a cortex, but argued that it could be a lobe.
What is the insula involved in?
- Speech and Language Processing
- It coordinates high level speech and language production
What shape is the cerebellum?
Fan shaped.
What is the Limbic System?
Structures within the cerebrum involved in emotions, motivations, memory and adaptive functions.
The limbic systems ______ signals to the rest of the body.
Direct.
What do these structures make up? :
- Cingulate Gyrus
- Hippocampus
- Amygdala
- Basal Ganglia.
The Limbic System.
