Week 4 Slides Flashcards
What is the muscular floor of the oral cavity formed by?
The Mylohyoid Muscle.
What do the side walls of the oral cavity consist of?
The mandible and cheek (buccinators).
The roof of the oral cavity is called the ______.
Palate.
What is the region between the gum and cheek known as?
The vestibule.
\name the 2 folds found within the oral cavity.
Palatoglossal Fold (anterior) Palatopharyngeal Fold (posterior)
There are 3 pairs of _________ _______.
Salivary Glands.
What fold is the palatoglossal fold anterior to?
Palatoglossal Fold is anterior to the palatopharyngeal fold.
Name the bone that is a horseshoe shape (found between the tongue and the larynx).
Hyoid Bone.
What does the hyoid bone do?
It stabilizes the muscles.
Name the 4 main muscles connected to they hyoid bone.
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Mylohyoid
Digastric
What is the most dominant feature of the oral cavity?
The tongue.
In general what is the role of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
To change the shape of the tongue.
Name the 4 exterior muscles of the tongue.
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
An example of an intrinsic muscle is the superior ______ muscle.
longitudinal
What is the mylohyoid an example of?
A suprahyoid muscle.
The genioglossus extends down toward the ______.
Mandible.
Name the tongue muscle:
- Pulls back/root of tongue towards front of mandible (forwards)
- Contraction then squeezes body of tongue upwards
Genioglossus
What main vowel sound does the Genioglossus help produce?
[i]
Name the tongue muscle:
Pulls tongue upwards and backwards.
Styloglossus
Name the tongue muscle:
Pulls tongue back and down.
Hyoglossus.
What muscles are used in the production of [ɔ] and [u]?
Styloglossus and Hyoglossus
There are many ways to make similar _____ to produce a target _______.
Movements, sound.
What is there a wide individual variation in?
How a speaker produces sounds (what muscles they use).
Name the anatomical name for the lower jaw.
Mandible.
Name the muscles of mastication (including the muscles mastication that are less involved in mastication).
- Temporalis
- Masseter
- External & Internal Pterygoid
- Digastric
- Geniohyoid
- Mylohyoid
What structure do the muscles of mastication move?
The mandible.
Name the main muscles of mastication that aid mandible movement.
- Temporalis
- Masseter
- External & Internal Pterygoid
Name the broad fan shaped muscle of mastication at the side of the head.
Temporalis
What is the role of the temporalis?
It lifts up the mandible (closing the mouth) and retracts the mandible.
What is the role of the masseter?
To elevate the mandible, raising the lower jaw.
What is the role of the exterior (lateral) Pterygoid?
To lower the mandible, this opens the jaw.
The contraction of the internal (medial) pterygoid ______________ (jaw closure) and ____________(protrusion).
Elevates the mandible
Moves the mandible forward.
Name the 3 muscles that aid the Exterior Pterygoid in lowering the mandible.
Digrastic
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
What muscle has 2 bellies?
The Digastric muscle
What is the bony section of the palate known as?
The hard palate
What does the Hard Palate consist of?
- Palatine process of maxilla
- Horizontal plates of palatine bone
The ____ palate can be referred to as the bony core.
Hard
The soft palate is _____ to the hard palate.
Posterior.
The soft palate is reffered to as the ____ core.
Muscular
Name some of the features of the soft palate.
- More flexible
- Mobile flap
- Mainly made up muscle
- Found further back in oral cavity
What muscle lifts up the soft palate?
The Levator Palatini Muscle
What does the musculus uvulae do?
It moves the uvula up (eg. for trill production).
What muscle tenses the sides of the palate?
Tensor Palatini muscle
What 2 muscles pull the palate downwards towards the tongue?
- Palatoglossus
- Palatopharyngeus
How can we alter the shape of the pharynx during speech?
By movement of the tongue and movement of the larynx.
The pharynx is not an ______.
articulator.
If we pull the tongue back, what does this do to the pharynx?
It shortens the pharynx.
There are 3 _____ muscles that narrow the ______ tube.
Circular, pharyngeal.
Name the 3 circular muscles that narrow the pharyngeal tube.
- Superior Constrictors
- Middle Constrictors
- Inferior Constrictors
What constrictors narrow the upper walls of the pharynx (Nasopharynx and Oropharynx)?
Superior Constrictors.
In addition of narrowing the nasopharynx and oropharynx, what else can the middle constrictors do?
It moves the hyoid.
What constrictors narrow the lower walls of pharynx (laryngopharynx)?
The inferior constrictors.
Where do the pharyngeal muscles direct food and liquid?
Into the oesophagus.
The pharynx has 2 muscles that …
Draw up the walls of the pharynx.
By drawing up the walls of the pharynx, what does this do?
It shortens the pharynx
and the larynx moves up.
Name the 2 muscles that shorten the pharynx.
- Salpingopharyngeus
- Stylopharyngeus
Name the 3 stages of swallowing.
- Oral
- Pharyngeal
- Oesophageal
In the food passage from the oral cavity to the stomach, what is it important to protect?
The airways.
Name the first part of the oral stage of swallowing.
Oral Preparation.
What is the block of food you swallow called?
Food bolus.
Once the food bolus gets past the ____ _____ it is then transported to the next stage.
Soft palate.
What happens to the mandible and lips during the oral preparatory stage of swallowing a liquid?
- The mandible lowers
- The lips contract
The _____ holds the (liquid) bolus in the oral cavity for approx. 1 second.
Tongue.
Describe the tongue movements of swallowing a liquid in the oral preparatory stage.
- Anterior tongue depresses
- Sides of tongue raise to cup bolus
- Tongue elevates to velum (creating back wall)
What muscle can help hold liquid in the mouth?
The buccinators.
Before we drink what must we ensure?
That the epiglottis has closed off the trachea.
Why must we chew?
To prepare the bolus for swallowing.
What does oral preparation of a solid require?
Mastication.
What anatomical parts are involved in mastication (in terms of chewing)?
Mandible Teeth Cheeks Lips Tongue
Name the 4 main muscles of mastication.
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial (inner) and Lateral (exterior) Pteryoid.
The buccinators and Digrastic help _________.
Mastication.
Why is there no division or oral/pharynx?
To allow aromas to nasal cavity.
The bolus moves _____ the oral cavity.
Round.
Mastication is a _____ movement.
Circular.
Name the 4 body parts involved in the circular motion of mastication (cycle).
Tongue
Soft Palate
Hyoid Bone
Mandible
In swallowing, after the Oral Preparatory Stage comes the Oral _________ Stage.
Transportation.
Where does the oral transport stage occur?
From the tongue (to the nasopharynx).
In the Oral Transportation Stage what propels the bolus back?
The tongue propels the bolus back.
What is the function of Saliva?
To aid Mastication and Break Down the Bolus.,
What do the following glands all secrete?
- Submandibular Gland
- Sublingual Gland
- Parotid Gland (and Duct)
Saliva
Name the 3 major salivary glands.
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
- Parotid
Food is ready to swallow, placed on the _____ and moved to the ______.
Tongue
Oropharynx
Once the food is ready to swallow, what does the tongue do?
- Tongue contacts hard palate
- Contact expands this squeezes food backwards
In the oral transport stage the _____ and ______ tongue muscles are used.
Intrinsic and extrinsic.
What does the epiglottis do?
It stops the bolus getting into the larynx (would go down trachea instead of oesophagus).
In swallowing, the soft palate elevates which contracts the lateral and posterior walls of the _______.
Pharynx.
During swallowing the base of the tongue retracts, what does this do?
This pushes the bolus against the pharyngeal walls.
Pharyngeal muscles contract from _____ to _______.,
Top, Bottom.
What role do the pharyngeal muscles have in terms of swallowing?
It squeezes the bolus down towards the oesophagus.
List the 4 main General Movements of the pharyngeal stage.
- Soft Palate Rises
- Vocal folds adduct
- Contraction of constrictors (Superior, medial, inferior)
- Laryngeal Elevation
What muscle rises the soft palate?
Levator Palatini
The epiglottis makes sure that the vocal folds are _______ during eating.
Adducted.
Where are the constrictor muscles found?
In the Pharynx.
The Hyoid and Suprahyoid muscles can cause ______ elevation.
Laryngeal.
Swallowing is the fine coordination of _____ and _______.
Breathing
Feeding
What is it called when you have a problem with swallowing?
Dysphasia.
The food bolus moves from the ______ ______ to the __________.
Oral Cavity, Oesophagus.
What is sphenopalatine ganglioneuralgia?
Brain Freeze :)
