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Specialised Anatomy for SLT > Week 4 Slides > Flashcards

Week 4 Slides Flashcards

1
Q

What is the muscular floor of the oral cavity formed by?

A

The Mylohyoid Muscle.

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2
Q

What do the side walls of the oral cavity consist of?

A

The mandible and cheek (buccinators).

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3
Q

The roof of the oral cavity is called the ______.

A

Palate.

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4
Q

What is the region between the gum and cheek known as?

A

The vestibule.

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5
Q

\name the 2 folds found within the oral cavity.

A 
Palatoglossal Fold (anterior)
Palatopharyngeal Fold (posterior)
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6
Q

There are 3 pairs of _________ _______.

A

Salivary Glands.

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7
Q

What fold is the palatoglossal fold anterior to?

A

Palatoglossal Fold is anterior to the palatopharyngeal fold.

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8
Q

Name the bone that is a horseshoe shape (found between the tongue and the larynx).

A

Hyoid Bone.

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9
Q

What does the hyoid bone do?

A

It stabilizes the muscles.

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10
Q

Name the 4 main muscles connected to they hyoid bone.

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Mylohyoid
Digastric

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11
Q

What is the most dominant feature of the oral cavity?

A

The tongue.

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12
Q

In general what is the role of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

To change the shape of the tongue.

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13
Q

Name the 4 exterior muscles of the tongue.

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus

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14
Q

An example of an intrinsic muscle is the superior ______ muscle.

A

longitudinal

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15
Q

What is the mylohyoid an example of?

A

A suprahyoid muscle.

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16
Q

The genioglossus extends down toward the ______.

A

Mandible.

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17
Q

Name the tongue muscle:

  • Pulls back/root of tongue towards front of mandible (forwards)
  • Contraction then squeezes body of tongue upwards
A

Genioglossus

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18
Q

What main vowel sound does the Genioglossus help produce?

A

[i]

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19
Q

Name the tongue muscle:

Pulls tongue upwards and backwards.

A

Styloglossus

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20
Q

Name the tongue muscle:

Pulls tongue back and down.

A

Hyoglossus.

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21
Q

What muscles are used in the production of [ɔ] and [u]?

A

Styloglossus and Hyoglossus

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22
Q

There are many ways to make similar _____ to produce a target _______.

A

Movements, sound.

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23
Q

What is there a wide individual variation in?

A

How a speaker produces sounds (what muscles they use).

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24
Q

Name the anatomical name for the lower jaw.

A

Mandible.

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25
Q

Name the muscles of mastication (including the muscles mastication that are less involved in mastication).

A
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
  • External & Internal Pterygoid
  • Digastric
  • Geniohyoid
  • Mylohyoid
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26
Q

What structure do the muscles of mastication move?

A

The mandible.

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27
Q

Name the main muscles of mastication that aid mandible movement.

A
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
  • External & Internal Pterygoid
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28
Q

Name the broad fan shaped muscle of mastication at the side of the head.

A

Temporalis

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29
Q

What is the role of the temporalis?

A

It lifts up the mandible (closing the mouth) and retracts the mandible.

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30
Q

What is the role of the masseter?

A

To elevate the mandible, raising the lower jaw.

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31
Q

What is the role of the exterior (lateral) Pterygoid?

A

To lower the mandible, this opens the jaw.

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32
Q

The contraction of the internal (medial) pterygoid ______________ (jaw closure) and ____________(protrusion).

A

Elevates the mandible

Moves the mandible forward.

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33
Q

Name the 3 muscles that aid the Exterior Pterygoid in lowering the mandible.

A

Digrastic
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid

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34
Q

What muscle has 2 bellies?

A

The Digastric muscle

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35
Q

What is the bony section of the palate known as?

A

The hard palate

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36
Q

What does the Hard Palate consist of?

A
  • Palatine process of maxilla

- Horizontal plates of palatine bone

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37
Q

The ____ palate can be referred to as the bony core.

A

Hard

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38
Q

The soft palate is _____ to the hard palate.

A

Posterior.

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39
Q

The soft palate is reffered to as the ____ core.

A

Muscular

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40
Q

Name some of the features of the soft palate.

A
  • More flexible
  • Mobile flap
  • Mainly made up muscle
  • Found further back in oral cavity
41
Q

What muscle lifts up the soft palate?

A

The Levator Palatini Muscle

42
Q

What does the musculus uvulae do?

A

It moves the uvula up (eg. for trill production).

43
Q

What muscle tenses the sides of the palate?

A

Tensor Palatini muscle

44
Q

What 2 muscles pull the palate downwards towards the tongue?

A
  • Palatoglossus

- Palatopharyngeus

45
Q

How can we alter the shape of the pharynx during speech?

A

By movement of the tongue and movement of the larynx.

46
Q

The pharynx is not an ______.

A

articulator.

47
Q

If we pull the tongue back, what does this do to the pharynx?

A

It shortens the pharynx.

48
Q

There are 3 _____ muscles that narrow the ______ tube.

A

Circular, pharyngeal.

49
Q

Name the 3 circular muscles that narrow the pharyngeal tube.

A
  • Superior Constrictors
  • Middle Constrictors
  • Inferior Constrictors
50
Q

What constrictors narrow the upper walls of the pharynx (Nasopharynx and Oropharynx)?

A

Superior Constrictors.

51
Q

In addition of narrowing the nasopharynx and oropharynx, what else can the middle constrictors do?

A

It moves the hyoid.

52
Q

What constrictors narrow the lower walls of pharynx (laryngopharynx)?

A

The inferior constrictors.

53
Q

Where do the pharyngeal muscles direct food and liquid?

A

Into the oesophagus.

54
Q

The pharynx has 2 muscles that …

A

Draw up the walls of the pharynx.

55
Q

By drawing up the walls of the pharynx, what does this do?

A

It shortens the pharynx

and the larynx moves up.

56
Q

Name the 2 muscles that shorten the pharynx.

A
  • Salpingopharyngeus

- Stylopharyngeus

57
Q

Name the 3 stages of swallowing.

A
  • Oral
  • Pharyngeal
  • Oesophageal
58
Q

In the food passage from the oral cavity to the stomach, what is it important to protect?

A

The airways.

59
Q

Name the first part of the oral stage of swallowing.

A

Oral Preparation.

60
Q

What is the block of food you swallow called?

A

Food bolus.

61
Q

Once the food bolus gets past the ____ _____ it is then transported to the next stage.

A

Soft palate.

62
Q

What happens to the mandible and lips during the oral preparatory stage of swallowing a liquid?

A
  • The mandible lowers

- The lips contract

63
Q

The _____ holds the (liquid) bolus in the oral cavity for approx. 1 second.

A

Tongue.

64
Q

Describe the tongue movements of swallowing a liquid in the oral preparatory stage.

A
  • Anterior tongue depresses
  • Sides of tongue raise to cup bolus
  • Tongue elevates to velum (creating back wall)
65
Q

What muscle can help hold liquid in the mouth?

A

The buccinators.

66
Q

Before we drink what must we ensure?

A

That the epiglottis has closed off the trachea.

67
Q

Why must we chew?

A

To prepare the bolus for swallowing.

68
Q

What does oral preparation of a solid require?

A

Mastication.

69
Q

What anatomical parts are involved in mastication (in terms of chewing)?

A 
Mandible
Teeth
Cheeks
Lips
Tongue
70
Q

Name the 4 main muscles of mastication.

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial (inner) and Lateral (exterior) Pteryoid.

71
Q

The buccinators and Digrastic help _________.

A

Mastication.

72
Q

Why is there no division or oral/pharynx?

A

To allow aromas to nasal cavity.

73
Q

The bolus moves _____ the oral cavity.

A

Round.

74
Q

Mastication is a _____ movement.

A

Circular.

75
Q

Name the 4 body parts involved in the circular motion of mastication (cycle).

A

Tongue
Soft Palate
Hyoid Bone
Mandible

76
Q

In swallowing, after the Oral Preparatory Stage comes the Oral _________ Stage.

A

Transportation.

77
Q

Where does the oral transport stage occur?

A

From the tongue (to the nasopharynx).

78
Q

In the Oral Transportation Stage what propels the bolus back?

A

The tongue propels the bolus back.

79
Q

What is the function of Saliva?

A

To aid Mastication and Break Down the Bolus.,

80
Q

What do the following glands all secrete?

  • Submandibular Gland
  • Sublingual Gland
  • Parotid Gland (and Duct)
A

Saliva

81
Q

Name the 3 major salivary glands.

A
  • Submandibular
  • Sublingual
  • Parotid
82
Q

Food is ready to swallow, placed on the _____ and moved to the ______.

A

Tongue

Oropharynx

83
Q

Once the food is ready to swallow, what does the tongue do?

A
  • Tongue contacts hard palate

- Contact expands this squeezes food backwards

84
Q

In the oral transport stage the _____ and ______ tongue muscles are used.

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic.

85
Q

What does the epiglottis do?

A

It stops the bolus getting into the larynx (would go down trachea instead of oesophagus).

86
Q

In swallowing, the soft palate elevates which contracts the lateral and posterior walls of the _______.

A

Pharynx.

87
Q

During swallowing the base of the tongue retracts, what does this do?

A

This pushes the bolus against the pharyngeal walls.

88
Q

Pharyngeal muscles contract from _____ to _______.,

A

Top, Bottom.

89
Q

What role do the pharyngeal muscles have in terms of swallowing?

A

It squeezes the bolus down towards the oesophagus.

90
Q

List the 4 main General Movements of the pharyngeal stage.

A
  • Soft Palate Rises
  • Vocal folds adduct
  • Contraction of constrictors (Superior, medial, inferior)
  • Laryngeal Elevation
91
Q

What muscle rises the soft palate?

A

Levator Palatini

92
Q

The epiglottis makes sure that the vocal folds are _______ during eating.

A

Adducted.

93
Q

Where are the constrictor muscles found?

A

In the Pharynx.

94
Q

The Hyoid and Suprahyoid muscles can cause ______ elevation.

A

Laryngeal.

95
Q

Swallowing is the fine coordination of _____ and _______.

A

Breathing

Feeding

96
Q

What is it called when you have a problem with swallowing?

A

Dysphasia.

97
Q

The food bolus moves from the ______ ______ to the __________.

A

Oral Cavity, Oesophagus.

98
Q

What is sphenopalatine ganglioneuralgia?

A

Brain Freeze :)

Specialised Anatomy for SLT (13 decks)

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