Week 6: Protein Flashcards
What is dietary protein converted into?
Amino acids
What are amino acids converted into?
Body protein and other N compounds
CHO and fats
What is muscle protein synthesis?
The building of of amino acids into functioning muscle
What is muscle protein breakdown?
Degradation of polypeptide chains within a muscle
What is protein net balance?
Relationship between synthesis and breakdown
What is protein turnover?
Constant use and restoration of protein
What happens if you have more protein synthesis than break down?
You will lose muscle
What % of basal energy expenditure is used to synthesis protein? What is the energy used for?
20%
Formation of RNA
Make peptide chain
Why do we spend so much energy to continually turnover protein?
Gene expression
What are the main processes of protein synthesis?
Transcription
Translation
Post-transnational modification and targeting to ensure proteins are activated
What are the transcriptional control mechanisms?
Activators (enhancer sites) Coactivator proteins (signals) Repressors (Silencer) Regulation of RNA polymerase Hormones
What regulates RNA polymerase?
General (set the base rate) and specific factors (make adjustments to the rate)
What are the hormones that control transcription control?
Specific
Secondary messenger
What are the three stages of translation?
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
