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Nutrition and metabolism > Week 1: Basic metabolism > Flashcards

Week 1: Basic metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the elements in fats, carbohydrates and ethanol?

A

Oxygen, hydrogen and carbon

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2
Q

What are the elements in protein?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

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3
Q

What are the difference in structures between the macronutients?

A

Protein contains nitrogen and some contain sulphur

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4
Q

What are the three types of bonds?

A

Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen

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5
Q

What are the important ions with in the body?

A 
H+
Ca2+
Cl-
K+
OH-
HCO3-
NH4+
PO43-
Fe2+
Mg2+
I-
F-
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6
Q

When does ammonia (NH3) become ammonium (NH4+)?

A

When it is added to water

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7
Q

What does the ‘6’ in glucose-6-phosphate mean? And what does it help us determine?

A

Relates to the position where the phosphate is bound.

Where the molecule will split

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8
Q

What components make up triglyceride?

A

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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9
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

In the cytoplasm

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10
Q

What is the net product of glycolysis when glucose is inputted?

A

2 ATP

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11
Q

What is the net product of glycolysis when glucose is inputted?

A

2 ATP

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12
Q

Where does beta oxidation occur?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

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13
Q

What are the end products of beta oxidation?

A

1 FADH2 and 1 NADH

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14
Q

What type of reaction is beta oxidation?

A

Catabolic

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15
Q

What are the three types of sugars?

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

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16
Q

What is the structure of phospholipids?

A

Phosphate and fatty acid residue, polar head and hydrophobic tail.

17
Q

What is the role of phospholipids?

A

Anchoring membrane proteins

Making up membranes of most cells

18
Q

What are the most common co-enzymes?

A

NAD and FAD

19
Q

What are the four types of reactions?

A

Condensation
Redox
Hydrolysis
Energy and enzymatic

20
Q

What is the structural difference between salts and acids?

A

Salts have cations and anions.

21
Q

How do salts form?

A

With an interaction between acids and bases

22
Q

What does cation mean?

A

A positively charged ion

23
Q

What does anion mean?

A

A negatively charged ion

24
Q

Describe the conc of protons in acids compared to bases?

A

Higher in acids than bases

25
Q

What are the different forms of energy currency within the body?

A

ATP
ADP
AMP

26
Q

What is the function of hormones?

A

They control or regulate an activity of cells or organs

27
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical substances in the body

28
Q

What are the products of the ETC each cycle from NADH?

A

3/2.5 and H20

29
Q

What are the products of the ETC each cycle from FADH2?

A

1.5/2 and H2O

30
Q

What are the main components of a balanced diet?

A 
Fat
Protein
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Fiber

Nutrition and metabolism (25 decks)

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