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Nutrition and metabolism > Week 3: Digestion and absborption > Flashcards

Week 3: Digestion and absborption Flashcards

1
Q

What is ingestion?

A

Taking in food

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2
Q

What does the gastronintestinal system secrete?

A

Water, acids, enzymes, buffers

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3
Q

How does the gastrointestinal system involve mobility?

A

Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle

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4
Q

What processes occur during digestion?

A

Mechanical and chemical

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5
Q

What % of absorption occurs in the small intestine?

A

95%

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6
Q

What material do we defecate?

A

Indigestible substances, cells, digested materials not absorbed

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7
Q

What does the oral cavity consist of?

A

Mouth and pharynx

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8
Q

What are the first steps of the digestion process?

A

Mastication (chewing)

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9
Q

When does the first step of digestion occur?

A

Oral cavity

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10
Q

Is mastication voluntary?

A

It is both voluntary and involuntary

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11
Q

How is swallowing initiated?

A

Food bolus is forced by the tongue to the rear of the mount to the pharynx

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12
Q

What does saliva consist of?

A

Serous solution containing electrolytes, mucous, proteins and enzymes

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13
Q

How much saliva is produce each day?

A

1 L

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14
Q

What are the three glands that produce 95% of our saliva?

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

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15
Q

Where is 5% of our saliva produced?

A

Simple buccal glands

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16
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus?

A

Moves food from mouth to stomach

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17
Q

How many layers of muscle does the oesophagus contain?

A

Two

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18
Q

What are the muscle layers of the oesophagus?

A

Circular

Longitudinal

19
Q

How does the oesphagus move food?

A

Wave of contraction sweeps

20
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Stores food

Delivers food to the gut

21
Q

How much gastric juice is produces per day?

A

2 L

22
Q

What is in the stomach for protection?

A

Ions

Mucus

23
Q

What will stimulate gastric secretion during the cephalic phase?

A 
Arrival of food in stomach
Vision
Smell
Chewing
Taste
24
Q

What percent of gastric secretion is down to cephalic phase?

A

30%

25
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system stimulate during the cephalic phase?

A

The release of gastrin (hormone that stimulates gastric secretion)

26
Q

What percent of gastric secretion is due to the gastric phase?

A

60%

27
Q

During the gastric phase what does the stretch and products of protein digestion stimulate?

A

Gastric secretion

Gastrin

28
Q

What type of contractions occur in the small intestine?

A

Peristaltic, longitudinal

Segmentation contractions

29
Q

What is the purpose of segmentation contractions withing the small intestine?

A

To mix chyme with pancreatic secretions and bile, to increase exposure to mucosal surface

30
Q

What does motility mean?

A

Contraction of the muscles that mix and propel contents in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract

31
Q

What does motility mean?

A

Contraction of the muscles that mix and propel contents in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract

32
Q

What controls the small intestine motility?

A

Intrinsic enteric nervous system
Transmitters and hormones
Extrinsic nerves

33
Q

How does the intrinsic enteric nervous system control small intestine motility?

A

Myogenic mechanisms responsive to stretch
pH
Products of digestion
Osmolality

34
Q

How do transmitters and hormones control the small intestine motility?

A

ACh, gastrin, CCK increase motility

NO inhibits motility

35
Q

How do the extrinsic nerves control the small intestine motility?

A

Parasympathetic (ACh) increases motility

Sympathetic (NA) inhibits motility

36
Q

How long does it take for the chyme to reach the terminal ileum?

A

Around 12 hours

37
Q

What prevents retrograde movement of chyme and bacteria from colon?

A

Ileal-caecal sphincter

38
Q

What are the principal functions of the large intestine?

A

Reabsorption of water

Storage of feaces, some bacterial metabolism of carbohydrate to produce short chain fatty acids

39
Q

How often do mass movements in the large intestine occur?

A

2-3 times per day

40
Q

What is the function of the gastrointestinal system?

A

Digest and absorb nutrients

41
Q

What is the gastrointestinal system lined with?

A

Mucosa (thick in mouth, thin in intestine)

42
Q

What is the function of smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal system?

A

Gastric and intestinal motility

43
Q

How much fluids containing enzymes are secreted into the lumen of the gut?

A

6 litres per day

Nutrition and metabolism (25 decks)

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