Theme 2: Nutrients

Question 1

What are the main functions of food?

Answer 1

Promotion of growth and development
Provision of energy, warmth and movement
Resisting and fighting infection
Regulation of metabolism

Question 2

What is the main macronutrient that is involved in the promotion of growth and development?

Answer 2

Protein

Question 3

What consists largely of protein?

Answer 3

Muscle
Soft tissue
Organs

Question 4

What are the building blocks of the skeleton?

Answer 4

Calcium

Phosphorus

Question 5

What macronutrients provide the energy for provision of energy, warmth and movement?

Answer 5

Carbohydrates

Fats

Question 6

What macro and micronutrients resist and fight infection?

Answer 6

Vitamins
Minerals
Protein

Question 7

What macro nutrients are involved in regulation of the metabolism?

Answer 7

Proteins

Question 8

In the regulation of the metabolism what do proteins need?

Answer 8

Co-factors of vitamins and minerals to function

Question 9

What are the main classes of nutrients?

Answer 9

Essential nutrients
Non-essential nutrients
Macronutrients
Micronutrients

Question 10

What is an ‘essential nutrient’?

Answer 10

It cannot be synthesised (or in sufficient quantities) by the body

Question 11

What is a ‘non-essential nutrient’?

Answer 11

It can be made, and in sufficient quantities, in the body

Question 12

What are the mactonutrients?

Answer 12

Carbohydrates
Fat
Protein
Alcohol

Question 13

What are micronutrients?

Answer 13

Vitamins
Minerals
Trace elements

Question 14

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

Answer 14

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

Question 15

What does a carbohydrate molecule consist of?

Answer 15

Hydrogen
Carbon
Oxygen

Question 16

What type of fat comprises up to 95% of dietary fat?

Answer 16

Triacylglycerol

Question 17

In a triacylglycerol molecule how many fatty acids are attached to a molecule of glycerol?

Answer 17

Three

Question 18

Where is fat usually stored?

Answer 18

Within adipose tissue

Question 19

What are fatty acids composed of?

Answer 19

C, H and O

Question 20

How are fatty acids categorised?

Answer 20

The number and bonding of carbon atoms

Question 21

How many double bonds are in saturated fats?

Answer 21

0 double bonds

Question 22

How many double bonds are in monosaturated fats?

Answer 22

1 double bond

Question 23

How many double bonds are in polysaturated fats?

Answer 23

More than 1

Question 24

What are the three types of fats?

Answer 24

Triacylglycerol
Phospholipids
Sterols

Question 25

What do phospholipds contain and what is their structure?

Answer 25

Contain a glcerol backbone with two fatty acids (non-polar) and ‘polar head group’ with a phosphoric acid residue and either sugars or amino acids

Question 26

How are sterols arranged?

Answer 26

In a ring structure with associated side chains

Question 27

What is the main form of sterol?

Answer 27

Cholesterol

Question 28

What is the function of sterol?

Answer 28

Membrane structure
Synthesis of hormones
Bile acids

Question 29

What is protein composed of?

Answer 29

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

Question 30

What type of chains are amino acids in?

Answer 30

Polypeptide

Question 31

What are amino acids used for in the body?

Answer 31

Energy
Structural material for all tissue 
Enzymes
Carrier molecules
Hormones
Receptors 
Neurotransmitters
Clotting factors

Question 32

How is the quality of protein classified?

Answer 32

Digestibility

Nitrogen retention

Question 33

What does DRV stand for?

Answer 33

Dietary reference values

Question 34

What does EAR stand for?

Answer 34

Estimated average requirement

Question 35

What does RNI stand for?

Answer 35

Reference nutrition intake

Question 36

Provide examples of essential nutrients

Answer 36

Vitamins
Minerals
Essential fatty acids
Essential amino acids.

Question 37

How is your reference nutrient intake calculated?

Answer 37

2 standard deviations above EAR