Week 6: Preschool (3-6 years) Flashcards
Describe gross motor and fine motor development at age 3-4, 4-5, and 5-6
gross motor:
3-4: walks upstairs 1 foot per step, skips on 2 feet, walks on tiptoe, pedals and steers, walks in any direction pulling a large toy, jumps
4-5: walks up and down stairs one foot per step, stands, runs, and walks on tiptoe
5-6: Skips on alternate feet, walks on a line, slides, swings
Fine motor:
3-4: catches large ball between outstretched arms, cuts paper with scissors, holds pencil between thumb and fingers
4-5: strikes ball with bat, kicks and catches ball, threads beads on a string, grasps pencil properly
5-6: plays ball games well, threads needle and sews large stitches
Describe the 3 stages of drawing from age 2-6
- scribbling (age 2-3) = tangible record of the thinking process. Ex: will draw scribbles to later drawing a head with legs
- pre-schematic (age 3-4) = telling stories and working out problems using art. Details are added and new concepts are used. Ex: drawing people with clothes and hair, drawing an animal
- schematic (age 4-6) = drawing scenes and using symbols to represent things. Realizing that there is order (everything sits on a base line). ex: drawing a beach scene with a yellow sun. Drawing a city with a skyline, but things may not be drawn to scale
__________ is when brain functions are divided between the 2 hemispheres of the brain
__________ increases reticular formation of the brain and regulates attention and concentration
__________ is the preference for using one hand over another
lateralization, myelinization, handedness
What is reticular formation?
selective attention on specific things
What are the L vs R hemispheres responsible for?
L: language, logic, math, analysis
R: creativity, intuition, art/music
T/F: ECE is able to prevent ACES
F. it cannot prevent ACES but it can help to mitigate the impacts of it
- How does ECE help to mitigate the impacts of ACES? (4 points)
- When should ECE be introduced in a child’s life? Why?
- build robustness (help add things back into our bucket after ACES have taken things out)
- reduce stress
- offer positive role models
- improve self esteem
- build robustness (help add things back into our bucket after ACES have taken things out)
- 1-5 because these are the most important stages of a child’s life in terms of development
what is socio-dramatic play vs. rule governed play?
socio-dramatic = assume a role, imaginary companions
rule governed = rules in the play like the the youngest has to be the dog and the oldest is the mom. Also narrating rules for the play.
- A kid is playing a game where they are a superhero. What type of play is this?
- A kid is playing a game with friends where the smallest child must be the dog and the biggest kid must be the dad
- a kid is playing tag. what type of play is this.
- a kid is playing a game where they have an imaginary friend. what type of play is this?
- socio-dramatic play
- rule governed play
- rule governed play
- socio-dramatic play
what stage of cognitive development is present at age 3-6? Explain
pre-operational stage = children become better at using symbols to represent what they are thinking and communicating but have difficulty thinking logically
- What is conservation? When is this developed?
- What are the 4 types of conservation? explain
conservation: the understanding that matter can change in appearance without changing in quantity. developed AFTER age 5
- volume = glasses and water
- number = # of marbles
- matter = clay
- length = sticks
what is the false belief principle?
understanding that enables a child to look at a situation from another person’s POV and determine what kind of information will cause the person to have a false belief - understand that others might disagree with you and how
- What is theories of mind?
- explain how theory of mind is developed with age? (stages)
- how can theories of mind be enhanced?
- realize that people have different feelings. Allows you to understand others because you are analyzing different mental states that exist outside of your own
- age 4 = basic principle that each person’s actions are baed on their representation of reality
age 5 = cannot understand that other people can think about them/do not understand that most knowledge can be derived from inference
age 6 = understand the reciprocal nature of thought - pretend play, sharing ideas, discussing emotion provoking events with parents
_________ is the realization that both parties have their own thoughts about a situation
reciprocal nature of thought
what is the difference between metamemory and metacognition?
metamemory: knowledge about how memory works and the ability to reflect and control their own memory
metacognition: knowledge about how the mind works and the ability to reflect and control their own thought process
What are 3 behaviours of developing a good self-concept? What is recognized in each behaviour?
- helping behaviours (recognizing need)
- sharing behaviours (recognizing desires)
- comforting behaviours (recognizing emotions)
when a child rapidly forms a hypothesis about a new word’s meaning and then receives feedback to help them judge the accuracy of their hypothesis, this is called __________
reinforcement
_________ spelling occurs and the words are created by blending sounds.
greater _____________ awareness = faster learning to read
invented , phonological
what are jolly phonics and why are they so effective?
associating letters with a thing, actions to go along with it/a song. Effective because it targets all the types of learners = visual, auditory, kinaesthetic
- _________ are additions to words that change the meaning. Ex: go –> going
- _________ is using ending to words that do not make sense. Ex: go –> goed
- _________ use conjunctions to combine 2 ideas. Ex: do not go over there—> don’t go over there
- inflections
- overregulation
- complex sentences
- T/F: children in families of high interactions get better scoring on intelligence tests?
- what is problematic about intelligence tests?
- T
- tests one thing but there are more types of intelligence other than the basics
How is numeracy used?
counts 1 per thing
what crisis from Erikson’s psychosocial theory is present during this stage? Explain.
initiative vs guilt. Since there is a new ability to plan, children may be faced with an initiative to plan something but be faced with guilt if they could not meet their goals
_________ is the ability to classify others according to categories like age, gender, and race
personal perception
what is attachment?
relationship with parents. it predicts behaviour during preschool years and the relationships that you will in turn have with the teachers. Insecurely attached preschoolers will have negative and critical attitudes towards themselves
What are the 4 aspects of family functioning?
- warmth/nurturance
- clarity and consistency of rules
- level of expectations
- communication between parent and adult
4 parenting styles
- authoritarian = low nurturing, high control
- permissive = high nurturing, low control
- authoritative = high nurturing, high control
- uninvolved = low nurturing, low control
In canada…
___% authoritative
___% authoritarian
___% permissive
___% uninvolved
33% authoritative
25% authoritarian
25% permissive
15% uninvolved
- _________ is a type of training (physical, mental or moral) that develops self control and morals.
- What are the 2 main problems of the answer to the above?
discipline
problems = difficult to establish the EFFECT and INTENSITY (how frequent) discipline needs to be to be effective
T/F: lower SES is associated with poor parenting style
F. Poor parenting can exist in all levels of SES families
what are 3 results of non-intact families?
- financial and emotional resource reduction
- transitions result in poor monitoring of children
- parenting style can shift from authoritative to a less optimal form
