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BIOL 225 > Week 6 - Nervous System > Flashcards

Week 6 - Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the dendrites?

A

Receive a stimulus

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2
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A

Brain, spinal cord

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3
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system

A

Ganglia, nerves

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4
Q

Describe glia cells and their function

A

Support cells

INCREASE SPEED of electrical signals

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5
Q

Describe Schwann cells and their function

A

Support cells (glia cells) for neurons of PNS

Wrap around the axon

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6
Q

What is the space between Schwann cells called?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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7
Q

What are the glia cells of the CNS called

A

Oligodendrocytes

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8
Q

What is the resting membrane potential?

A

-70 mV

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9
Q

What is the ratio of sodium to potassium in the sodium/potassium pump?

A

Pump three sodium ion out of the cell for every two potassium they bring in

3 Na : 2 K

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10
Q

Explain the action potential

A
  1. RESTING STATE
    Resting potential (-70 mV).
  2. DEPOLARIZATION
    Stimulus received, sodium channels open and rush inside the cell. Becomes less negative (-55 mV)
  3. RISING PHASE
    Gates open. Massive amount of sodium rushes inside the cell. (+55 mV)
  4. FALLING PHASE
    Sodium gates close, potassium gates open. (-90 mV)
  5. UNDERSHOOT
    Restored. (-70 mV)
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11
Q

How do Schwann cells makes transmission faster?

A

Lipid rich segments don’t conduct electricity. It skips along the nodes of Ranvier

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12
Q

What is the skipping along the nodes of Ranvier called?

A

Saltatory conduction

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13
Q

Explain temporal summation

A

Multiple impulses from the same stimulus excite the neuron. It forces the potential to -55 since it doesnt have enough time to go back down

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14
Q

Explain spatial summation

A

Multiple different stimuli activate the same neuron at the same time. Pushes the potential to -55 mV

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15
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Signalling molecules of neuronal system

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16
Q

What is neuroplasticity?

A

The ability to change the neurvous system after birth. «faire des connections»

Get more synapses

17
Q

Define transduction

A

The conversion of a stimulus’ energy to a change of membrane potential of a receiving cell

18
Q

How does the width of the receptive field of dendrites affect perception?

A

Wider the field the less specifically you can pinpoint

Wide on upper back
Very narrow on hands, face

19
Q

What are naked dendrites

A

Bare ending.

Pain receptor

20
Q

What are mechanoreceptor cells?

A

Cells with gated ion channels that respond to physical deformation

21
Q

What is a statocyst?

A

Fluid filled spherical structure lined with cilia and filled with granules called statolith

Cilia can sense where statoliths are which causes canals to open, reaching action potential of -55 and makes the insect want to flip

22
Q

What structure makes an insect want to flip when it’s on it’s back?

A

Statocyst

23
Q

Explain hearing

A

Soudwaves travel into outer ear, hit the tympanic membrane.

Tympanic membrane vibrates and transfers it to three bones: the malleus, incus and stapes. THIS AMPLIFIES THE SOUND WAVES

Hits the oval window. Sound waves get to cochlea. Reaches the round window. VERY RELIANT ON THAT THE PRESSURE OF OUTER AND MIDDLE EAR ARE THE SAME

Pressure is applied to cochlear duct

Mechanoreceptor cells (hair cells)

24
Q

What are the three parts of the ear?

A

Outer, middle, inner

25
Q

What are the mechanoreceptors of the ear called?

A

Hair cells

26
Q

Define pitch

A

Frequency of sound waves

27
Q

What are chemoreceptors?

A

Sensory cells that detect taste, smell and osmoregularity

28
Q

Explain taste buds

A

Clusters of chemoreceptors (5 types- each specialized to a taste)

29
Q

What are the 5 tastes

A

Sweet
Salty
Bitter (MOST COMLEXE)
Sour
Umami

30
Q

What is olfaction?

A

Smell

31
Q

What is gustation?

A

Taste

32
Q

Why do you feel tired after an exam?

A

CNS takes up a bunch of energy to think fast and hard

33
Q

What are the three bones that help amplify sound waves?

A

the malleus, incus and stapes.

34
Q

What is calcium’s role in muscle contraction?

A

Calcium allows myosin to pull the filaments

BIOL 225 (17 decks)

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