Week 4 - Excretory System

Question 1

What is osmoregulation?

Answer 1

Fluid balance between intra/extra cellular liquid.

Question 2

Name extracellular electrolytes

Answer 2

Na+
Cl-
Ca-

Question 3

Name intracellular electrolytes

Answer 3

K+
Mg++

Question 4

What is the organ with the biggest BMR

Answer 4

Liver

Question 5

What is most metabolically expensive organ FOR ITS SIZE

Answer 5

kidney

Question 6

Are freshwater animals osmoregulators?

Answer 6

Yes- all of them. Solute concentration is too low to go without it

Question 7

What are the three factors of the cost of osmoregulation

Answer 7

1. Difference in molarity
2. How easily water can move across animal’s surface
3. The amount of work required to move solutes in/out an animals body

Question 8

Are terrestrials animals osmoregulators?

Answer 8

Yes- all of them

Question 9

Are marine animals osmoregulators?

Answer 9

Most invertebrate, some vertebrate DO NOT. They osmoconform.

Question 10

What is the main challenge of marine fish?

Answer 10

Losing water through gills. To help, drink lots and dont pee a lot. Gill lamela need to pump a lot of salt out- active transport pumps

Question 11

What is the body’s principle metabolic waste?

Answer 11

Nitrogenous wastes

Question 12

How do fish eliminate nitrogenous waste?

Answer 12

Straight up as ammonia since they can do it quickly through their lamela. The ammonia couples with protons to form ammonium. Ammonium is not permeable to gill filaments.

Question 13

What are the nitrogenous waste dirivitives

Answer 13

Urea and uric acid

Question 14

How many molecules of ATP is required to synthesize one molecule of Urea?

Answer 14

2 ATP

Question 15

What nitrogenous waste do mammals excrete?

Answer 15

Urea

Question 16

What is the nitrogenous waste of choice of birds, reptiles and snails?

Answer 16

Uric acid

Least toxic but most expensive to generate

Question 17

What are guano deposits?

Answer 17

Buildup of uric acid. Great for farming because it’s a rich source of nitrogen

Question 18

What is the excretory system of flatworms?

Answer 18

Protonephridia

Question 19

Explain protonephridia

Answer 19

Most basic type of excretory system.

Works for osmoregulation. The tubules end with cap cells like interlocking fingers (makes up flame bulb).

Bulk flow draws fluid into tubules, then excreted.

Question 20

What is the excretory system of animals with open circulatory systems?

Answer 20

Malpighian tubules

Question 21

Explain malpighian tubules

Answer 21

Fingers extend out into hemolymph. It absorbs salt, nitrogenous wastes, etc. Then are emptied into the digestive tract and go out the anus

Question 22

What is the excretory system of the annelid phylum

Answer 22

Metanephridia

Question 23

Explain metanephridia

Answer 23

Convulates tubule works with blood capillaries.

Collects fluid for processing. Metabolites are absorbed out of the filtrate. Swollen end of metanphridia is the bladder

Question 24

Describe the kidney

Answer 24

Houses nephrons- cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons.

Question 25

What do nephrons do

Answer 25

Collect filtrate, reabsorb nutrients and secrete additional wastes into the filtrate.

After going through the nephron it ends up in the renal pelvis

Then the urine goes to the bladder