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Early Modern England > Week 6: Ireland > Flashcards

Week 6: Ireland Flashcards

1
Q

Who was Sir. John Davies?

A

Attorney General of Ireland during the reign of James I

He was optimistic that the next generation of Irishmen were to become English

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2
Q

What was the English fear of Ireland?

A
  • Could Ireland be used as an invasion point for foreign nations?
  • Ex. the Spanish sent troops to Ireland in the 1590s
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3
Q

Which 2 Irish cities were founded by Vikings?

A
  • Dublin and Wexford
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4
Q

Which Irish surnames are testament to the Anglo-Norman conquest in Ireland?

A

Fitz

(ex. Fitzpatrick - Son of Patrick)

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5
Q

Which English king gave himself the title of “Lord of Ireland”

A

Henry II

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6
Q

What was Ireland divided into?

A

Lordships (family clan territories, similar to Scotland)

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7
Q

What dominates the Irish economy?

A

Cattle

(even more so than agriculture)

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8
Q

What is Brehon Law?

A
  • Irish Civil Code (NOT criminal code) in which money is given to the victim’s family by the perpetrator as punishment
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9
Q

What was the Pale?

A
  • The only part of Ireland that was fully controlled by the English
  • Dublin was there
  • Demarcated with ditches
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10
Q

What things did the English look down upon the Irish as Barbarians for?

A
  • Drinking the blood of their cattle
  • Moustaches
  • Mullets
  • The absence of wheat in their bread
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11
Q

Why is the Tudor conquest of Ireland often seen as more of a RE-conquest?

A
  • Because the Anglo-Norman elite left behind from the Anglo-Norman conquest had by then largely blended in to their Irish surroundings
  • This was called “Gallicization”
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12
Q

Which English king switches his title from Lord of Ireland to King of Ireland?

A

Henry VIII

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13
Q

What were the Irish officially deemed as before Henry VIII became King of Ireland?

A

Enemies

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14
Q

Why did Reformation fail in Ireland? (5)

A
  • England didn’t have the money or resources to enforce it everywhere in Ireland
  • Few people spoke English in Ireland
  • Most Irish were loyal to their Gallic Lords/Clans NOT the King
  • English government in Dublin is too weak
  • English missionaries are seen as colonialists and are thus hated
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15
Q

What famous school did the English establish in order to have a Protestant institution in Ireland?

A

Trinity College Dublin

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16
Q

What was the concept of Surrender and Regrant, and why was it important?

A
  • The most successful thing the Tudors did in Ireland
  • They made Gallic nobles give their lands in paper to the King
  • The King then promised to re-grant their lands and give them proper English noble titles
  • This tricked the Irish into accepting the King as ruler of their lands
  • It shakes the foundations of the Irish loyalty to their lords/clans
17
Q

In what year was Trinity College Dublin founded?

A

1592

18
Q

When was the Tudor Conquest of Ireland?

A

1540-1603

19
Q

What was England’s first colony?

A

Ireland

20
Q

What are Plantations in Ireland?

A
  • Basically Protestant English colonies in Ireland
  • It solved overpopulation in England as well
21
Q

When was the Nine Years War?

A

1594-1603

22
Q

What was the Nine Years War, and why was it important?

A
  • It was an Irish reaction to English extensions of control and incursions in Ireland (like Plantations)
  • Seen as a Catholic rebellion against the English
  • Led by Hugh O’Neil (former Earl of Tyrone)
  • Spanish troops intervene and land in Ireland to help the rebels
  • Costs the English 2 million £ to put down

Why is it important? –> The Irish lose, and it permits the full English military control of Ireland (but at a huge cost)

23
Q

Why is Spanish help futile in the Nine Years War?

A
  • Because the Irish army is in the North
  • And the Spaniards land in the South
  • They are uncoordinated and distant
24
Q

How much money does it take Elizabeth to put down the Nine Years War?

A

2 million pounds

25
Q

What was the main battle of the Nine Years War?

A

Battle of Kinsale 1601

26
Q

What are the 4 traditional provinces of Ireland?

A

Ulster
Leinster
Connaught
Munster

27
Q

Which Irish province now constitutes most of modern day Northern Ireland?

A

Ulster

28
Q

What was the Flight of the Earls, 1607?

A
  • When a bunch of Northern Irish Catholic nobles flee Ulster and go to the continent (i.e. Rome)
29
Q

Why did the Earls of Ulster leave for the continent in 1607?

A
  • For fear that the English will further undermine their power and influence in Ireland
30
Q

How do the English take advantage of the flight of the Earls of Ulster?

A
  • They confiscate the lands of the fleeing nobles and repopulate Ulster with Protestant plantations
31
Q

What was traditionally the most anti-English and Catholic part of Ireland?

A

Ulster

32
Q

Why is the Flight of the Earls important?

A
  • It gives the English full control over the previously most anti-English and Catholic region of Ireland
  • Ulster becomes the most loyal region to England after the Flight of the Earls
33
Q

What event is seen as the root cause for the tensions between the Northern and Southern Irish today?

A

Flight of the Earls, 1607

34
Q

What are the Penal Laws in Ireland? Why is it so important?

A
  • Laws taking rights away from Irish Catholics
  • Ex. If a family had all Catholic sons, their land is divided equally among them
  • BUT, if even ONE of the sons becomes Protestant, he inherits ALL the land
  • This caused inter-familial divide in Irish Catholic families and enticed some people towards Protestantism in Ireland

Early Modern England (6 decks)

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