Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Early Modern England > Week 4: Mary I to Elizabeth > Flashcards

Week 4: Mary I to Elizabeth Flashcards

1
Q

Why was Mary Ist known as “Bloody Mary”?

A
  • Because of her rampant executions and persecutions of Protestants as heretics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long was Mary Ists reign?

A

4 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who repealed the heresy laws?

A

Mary I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why was John Foxe’s “Actes and Monuments” important?

A
  • It symbolized Protestant discontent with Mary Ists rule
  • It was a (slightly overexaggerated) rant against Mary’s persecution of Protestants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What theologian identified England within a wider Protestant framework?

A

John Foxe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who was among Mary Ists most notable victims of execution?

A

Archbishop Cranmer (creator of the common prayer book)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Roughly how many people did Mary I execute?

A

300

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How old was Elizabeth I when she came to the throne?

A

25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who was the founder of Calvinism?

A

Jean Calvin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How can Calvinism be described?

A
  • A more extreme form of Protestantism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who is the author of “The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women” ?

A

John Knox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who was the founder of the Presbyterian church?

A

John Knox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is particular about nations rulers in the mid 16th century?

A
  • There is an unprecedented string of Female leaders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why were people so anxious about Elizabeth I finding a suitor to marry?

A
  • Because it was considered unnatural for a woman to rule without a man
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who was Elizabeth’s closest advisor?

A

William Cecil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who was Elizabeth’s great love interest?

A

Robert Dudley

(She calls him her “Little Robin”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How did the two men closest to Elizabeth differ in their stances on war?

A
  • William Cecil avoided wars
  • Robert Dudley wanted wars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

With what title does Elizabeth style herself?

A

“The Virgin Queen”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does Elizabeth turn her refusal to marry into a positive image for the English public?

A
  • She doesn’t have time for a husband, for she is too wholly devoted to the English people
  • She also used her celibacy as a religious virtue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Erastianism?

A
  • Brought forward by Thomas Erastus
  • Decreed that it should be up to the sovereign ruler to decide the religion of the land
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does Elizabeth do to get rid of the Catholics Mary had recently re-introduced to Parliament?

A
  • She locked them all up in the Tower of London
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Since Elizabeth was unable to bring back the Act of Supremacy on account of her gender, what does she name herself instead?

A
  • Supreme Governor of the Church
  • She forced all office holders to swear an oath to her and not the church
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What was the Act of Uniformity (1558) ?

A
  • A 12 pence fine for each time one didn’t attend Church
  • Introduced by Elizabeth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why was the Elizabethan Act of Uniformity important?

A
  • It enforced the reestablishment of Protestantism
  • Reduced religious discord through uniform Protestant worship
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In short, Elizabeth’s religious reforms can be described by her switching emphasis of _________ to _________ in state religion.

A

Doing things to BELIEVING things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What were the 39 Articles of Faith ?

A
  • 1563
  • Basically, an upgraded rule book of Elizabethan Protestantism
  • Based on CALVINIST doctrine and Catholic appearance
  • AKA a more calvinist reinstating of Henry’s old 42 Articles of Faith
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Who said, “I will not make windows into men’s souls”, and why is this quote important?

A
  • Elizabeth I
  • Importance: This shows how Elizabeth only asked for outward conformity to her religious settlements, but you can believe what you want to believe.
  • AKA (Even if you are Catholic in belief, as long as you act Anglican there’s no problem)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

In what other ways does Elizabeth ensure religious uniformity?

A
  • She sends commissioners to talk with every local priest in the nation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What did historian Conrad Russel say about the English Church?

A
  • They think Protestant, but act Catholic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What group believed that Elizabeth’s religious settlements didn’t go far enough?

A

Puritans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Who are known as the “shock troops” of the counter-reformation?

A

Jesuits

32
Q

How are Jesuits treated in Elizabethan England?

A
  • They are hunted down and persecuted
33
Q

What was the reaction of most English Catholics when the Pope forced them to pick loyalty between the Queen or the Papacy?

A
  • Most English Catholics picked Elizabeth
34
Q

True or False: Catholicism was illegal under Elizabeth.

A

FALSE

However, being a Catholic priest was illegal, couldn’t sit at Parliament as a Catholic etc.

35
Q

Why are there so many Catholics among the landed aristocracy?

A

→ Nobles traditionally had a private Catholic Church on their manor

36
Q

What caused a gradual decline in France’s power?

A
  • Religious divide
37
Q

Huguenots were often found amongst __________________.

A

Merchants in Cities

38
Q

Why was the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, 1572 important?

A
  • Catherine de Medici authorizes the slaughter of Huguenots gathered at Henri de Navarre’s wedding with her daughter
  • It worsens the divide in France and weakened it further
39
Q

What French King ends the religious wars in France?

A

Henri IV

40
Q

What is Henri IVs famous quote?

A

“Paris is well worth a few masses”

41
Q

What was the Auld Alliance, and why was it important?

A
  • France and Scotland’s traditional alliance (1295-1560)
  • Formed a major power check on England as well as a mutual protection program against English aggression
42
Q

What trade deal is included with the Auld Alliance?

A
  • Scots get first pick on French wine imports
43
Q

Who did Mary Queen of Scots first marry?

A

Francis II of France

  • He dies 2 months into the marriage
  • Mary returns to Scotland to rule alone
44
Q

Who was Mary Ists mother?

A

Mary of Guise

45
Q

Who led the Scottish reformation?

A

John Knox

46
Q

What caused the Scottish Protestant Rebellion in 1559?

A
  • Mary of Guise gave all high court positions to Catholic French nobles
  • Scottish nobles got furious that foreigners held higher offices in their own country
47
Q

What did the 1559 Scottish Protestant rebels call themselves?

A

Lords of the Congregation

48
Q

Who do the Lords of the Congregation go to for help?

A

Elizabeth I

49
Q

What is the Treaty of Edinburgh 1560, and why is it important?

A
  • Eases relations with the English and Scots
  • Scottish agree to stop the Auld Alliance, withdrawal French troops in Scotland and enact religious toleration
  • Mary is asked to recognize Elizabeth I as ruler, but she refuses.
  • Ends French influence in Scotland
  • Allowed for the solidification of Protestantism in Scotland
50
Q

Why is Mary Queen of Scots seen as a whore?

A
  • Her second husband, her cousin (Henry Stewart) , was extremely jealous, but was murdered
  • Her husband’s murderer, Hepburn, fearing persecution, kidnaps Mary
  • Mary then marries Hepburn
51
Q

What made Mary queen of scots flee to England?

A
  • The Protestant Rebellion
  • Mary abdicates, and hands her son, James VI the throne of Scotland
52
Q

When in asylum in Elizabeth’s court, what does Mary I become?

A
  • A rally point for disgruntled Catholics in England
53
Q

Why is Mary, Queen of Scots executed?

A
  • For Catholic plots and assassination plots on Elizabeth
  • Mary is executed in 1587
54
Q

What is the Spanish Affair, and why is it important?

A
  • Mary’s captured correspondence with Spain to orchestrate an invasion of England that would put her on the throne
55
Q

How does Elizabeth justify NOT being responsible for Mary’s execution?

A
  • She signed the death warrant, but never gave the oral confirmation necessary for the execution to be carried forth
56
Q

What does Elizabeth I do to make sure James VI doesn’t interfere with his mother’s execution?

A
  • Pays him off
57
Q

What was the name of another major failed plot for a Spanish invasion of England and a Catholic takeover?

A

Ridolfi Plot 1571

58
Q

In what year does Elizabeth make it treason to be a Catholic Priest?

A

1585

59
Q

Elizabeth increased the non-church attendance fee from 20 cents to ______.

A

$20

60
Q

What were the 2 main problems in Anglo-Spanish relations?

A
  1. Protestant Dutch Revolt
  2. English Piracy
61
Q

What initially causes the Dutch revolt?

A
  • Dutch fear of the Spanish bringing the inquisition to the Netherlands
62
Q

What is Elizabeth’s stance on the Dutch?

A
  • She PUBLICLY supports Spain, but SECRETLY sends monetary aid to the Dutch.
63
Q

How does Spain punish England for supporting the Dutch rebels?

A
  • It shuts down the port of Antwerp for 5 years
  • This leads to the Anglo-Spanish war
64
Q

What is Elizabeth’s stance on English piracy of Spanish ships?

A
  • Elizabeth turns a blind eye to English piracy
65
Q

Who were 2 famous English privateers?

A
  • Sir. Francis Drake
  • John Hawkins
66
Q

Why did Elizabeth condone English piracy?

A
  • It brought her LOADS of money (£264 000 in total from Spanish ships looted)
67
Q

What was the name of Sir. Francis Drake’s ship?

A

The Golden Hind

68
Q

In order to preserve the Holy nature of the Spanish Armada’s crusade to England, what is forbidden aboard Spanish ships?

A
  • Swearing and gambling
69
Q

What partly motivates the invasion of the Spanish Armada?

A
  • Elizabeth’s excommunication from the Pope in 1570
70
Q

When is Elizabeth excommunicated by the Pope?

A

1570

71
Q

To face the Armada, the English defence force was made up mostly of __________

A

militias

72
Q

Where did Elizabeth give her famous speech before battle against the Armada, stating that she had the heart of a king?

A

Tilbury Fort

73
Q

What advantage did the English have against the Armada?

A
  • English ships were faster and had better cannons
  • They needed to engage the Spanish at sea, for they were weak on land
74
Q

What was the Protestant Wind, and why is it important?

A
  • The windstorm that scattered the Spanish Armada when they fled the English fireships at Calais
  • It prevented the Spanish invasion of England
  • It was seen that God was on the side of the English
75
Q

What was a Papal edict called?

A

A Papal Bull

Early Modern England (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions