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Early Modern England > Week 5: Elizabethan Society + Scotland/Wales > Flashcards

Week 5: Elizabethan Society + Scotland/Wales Flashcards

1
Q

What does the population increase of the 16-17th century cause in terms of socio-economic considerations?

A

Poor get poorer

Rich get richer

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2
Q

Why do labouring families suffer the most from the rising population?

A
  • Grain prices increase by 400%
  • Real Wages (value of what you earn) decreases 60%
  • They don’t make enough money for food, and food prices are rising
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3
Q

What is Engrossment?

A

Getting/acquiring more land

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4
Q

What do many poor people resort to work-wise during the population increase and poverty rise?

A
  • Migrate
  • To another county
  • OR to the New World
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5
Q

How many years of education could a poor boy expect?

A

2 years

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6
Q

What is Endogamy?

A

Marrying within your social class

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7
Q

What class of society typically marries far earlier than the rest? Why?

A

The Elite

Why? To have more time to have a lot of children

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8
Q

The switch from castles to mansion houses of the elite mirrors the switch away from ___________________.

A

A military society

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9
Q

Elite Mansion estate houses reflect the growing value and emphasis on ____________.

A

privacy

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10
Q

True or False: Divorces are expensive and much harder to obtain for lower class marriages.

A

TRUE

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11
Q

At what age did common folk usually marry? Why?

A

25

Because by the time boys finished their apprenticeship in the trades, and thus, the ability to even support another person in the household, they were at least 25.

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12
Q

At what age did Elites usually marry?

A

Girls: 12
Boys: 14

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13
Q

What did common folk NEED in order to divorce?

A

An Act of Parliament (extremely hard to get)

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14
Q

Why are widows typically the most sought after wedding partners?

A
  • Because they inherited their late husband’s wealth
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15
Q

What is deference?

A

Showing acknowledgement of someone’s higher rank

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16
Q

How was communal justice carried out?

A
  • The neighbourhood often dealt unofficially with its own justice
  • Ex. if a woman in the neighbourhood had an affair, the community would shame her by making loud noises with pots and pans outside her home
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17
Q

What was seasonal labour?

A
  • Going from village to village in order to find work
  • Many villages hated this, because it meant another stranger to provide for
18
Q

Who are the Deserving and Undeserving poor?

A

Deserving: Those who are physically unable to work (ex. sick, orphans, disabled, etc.)

Undeserving: Those who could work, but choose NOT to

19
Q

What was the punishment for being an undeserving poor person?

A
  • 1st time you were caught: Whipping
  • 2nd time you were caught: Condemned as a felon
  • 3rd time you were caught: Hanged
20
Q

What is Indoor and Outdoor relief?

A

Outdoor relief: Financial help brought out to the poor on the streets (ex. clothes, food, etc.)

Indoor relief: Admittance of poor people into sheltered institutions (ex. asylum, almshouses, hospitals, etc.)

21
Q

In general, what is England’s priority in terms of influence in Scotland and Wales?

A
  • England wants to centralize them both under their control
22
Q

How does Scottish kingship differ from English kingship?

A
  • In Scotland, the nobles have much more power because the monarchy is so weak
23
Q

What are lairds?

A
  • Lairds are Scottish lords that lead their own clans and own their own territory
  • Leaders of the Scottish clan system
  • They have military retainers (followers)
24
Q

What greatly reduces the power of the Scottish monarchy?

A
  • Lairds (Clan System)
25
Q

What is the Stone of Destiny (Scone)?

A
  • The symbol of Scottish Kingship
26
Q

Which English king vowed to only be properly buried when Scotland has been subdued?

A

Edward II

27
Q

What did the 1543 Treaty of Greenwich try to do?

A
  • Mend Anglo-Scottish tensions by trying to merge the Tudors and Stuarts
  • Mary, Queen of Scots is asked to grow up in England
  • The Scots refuse this, so Henry VIII invades
28
Q

What was the Great Wooing?

A
  • A war between the English and Scots from 1544-1548
  • French involvement on the Scottish side (troops sent)
  • Franco-Scottish victory
29
Q

What is the Scottish parliament divided into?

A
  • 3 estates
  • Clergy, Nobility, Burghs
30
Q

What are the 2 great obstacles to Scottish unity?

A
  1. Lairds
  2. Relations with the English
31
Q

Initially, Wales could be described as ___________

A

Tiny and Poor

(very small population)

32
Q

Which English king successfully took Wales in a military campaign?

A
  • Edward I
  • 1283
33
Q

In what 3 ways did the English try to Anglicize Wales?

A
  1. Castles (fortify Welsh coast)
  2. Language (make Welsh court in English)(But they allow interpreters)
  3. Law (Impose English law)
34
Q

What percentage of Welsh people did NOT speak English?

A

99%

35
Q

What were the Welsh Marches?

A
  • A Welsh frontier region where the King’s law did NOT run
  • Ruled by Welsh “Marsher Lords”
36
Q

What was the 1563 Act of Union?

A
  • Henry VIII’s bringing of Wales under his direct rule
    (aka unification of England and Wales)
37
Q

In which 2 places did Primogeniture NOT exist?

A
  • Ireland and Wales
38
Q

Why did the English rulers detest the lack of primogeniture in Ireland and Wales?

A
  • Since it was far easier to control a single person
39
Q

What do the English do about the lack of primogeniture in Wales?

A
  • The English ban partible inheritance and enforce primogeniture
40
Q

What do the English do to get rid of traditional Welsh Catholicism?

A
  • Dissolve the Welsh monasteries
  • The Welsh convert to Protestantism very quickly
41
Q

Why did Wales become a largely subordinate and NON-troublesome region as opposed to Scotland?

A
  • Because Wales wasn’t big or strong enough to intervene in English affairs even if they wanted to
  • The Scottish, however, were.
42
Q

What is Gavelkind?

A
  • An ancient Celtic custom in Ireland and Wales of partible inheritance to all heirs

Early Modern England (6 decks)

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