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Cardiovascular > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the presence of a parasternal heave indicate?

A

Right ventricular overload

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2
Q

During the first heart sound, what valves close?

A

Mitral and tricuspid

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3
Q

What does the 2nd heart sound indicate?

A

Aortic and pulmonary valves closing

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4
Q

A patient’s murmur radiates to the carotids. What type of valvular issue do they have?

A

Aortic stenosis

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5
Q

A patient’s murmur radiates to the axilla. What type of valvular disease do they have?

A

Mitral regurgitation

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6
Q

What is the congenital cause of aortic stenosis?

A

Bicuspid valve

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7
Q

What type of pulse would you find on a patient with aortic stenosis?

A

Low volume

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8
Q

What is a TAVI?

A

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

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9
Q

What is the pharmalogical treatment for a person with mitral regurgitation?

A

Diuretics and heart failure medication

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10
Q

What are some of the signs of mitral stenosis?

A

Malar flush

Tapping apex

Mid diastolic rumbling

Diastolic murmur localised to apex

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11
Q

What could you see on the X-ray of a patient with mitral stenosis?

A

Straight left heart border

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12
Q

If a patient has a collapsing pulse, what heart murmur does this indicate that they have?

A

Aortic regurgitation

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13
Q

An early diastolic murmur found on the left sternal edge is a sign of what murmur?

A

Aortic regurgitation

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14
Q

What medication should be given to a patient with aortic regurgitation?

A

ACE-i

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15
Q

What antibody is transported across the placenta to the foetus?

A

IgG

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16
Q

What are the 3 shunts found in a foetus?

A

Ductus venosus

Foramen ovale

Ductus arteriosus

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17
Q

What does the Ductus venosus do?

A

Connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

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18
Q

What does the Ductus arteriosus do?

A

Connects pulmonary bifurcation to the descending aorta

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19
Q

What is the treatment for patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Waiting

NSAIDS

Surgery

20
Q

What drug can be used to keep the ductus arteriosus open until an alternative shunt can be established or surgery?

A

IV prostalandin E2

21
Q

What colour is the bottom of a positive blood culture bottle?

A

yellow/brown

22
Q

What colour is the bottom of a negative culture bottle?

A

Purple

23
Q

What is infective endocarditis an infection of?

A

The endothelium of the heart valves

24
Q

Dental treatment increases the risk of what infection?

A

Infective endocarditis

25
Q

What is the most common bacteria causing endocarditis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

26
Q

What are rose spots a sign of?

A

Typhoid

27
Q

What are roth spots a sign of?

A

Endocarditis

28
Q

What are Janeway lesions and Olser nodes a sign of?

A

Endocarditis

29
Q

How many sets of bloods should be taken when diagnosing endocarditis?

A

3

30
Q

What type of bacteria are associated with prosthetic valve endocarditis?

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus aureus

31
Q

What is the treatment for a patient who has prosthetic valve endocarditis?

A

Vancomycin

Gentamicin

Rifampicin

32
Q

What bacteria usually causes right sided endocarditis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

33
Q

What is the empirical treatment for native valve bacterial endocarditis?

A

Amoxicillin and gentamicin

34
Q

What is the empirical treatment for prosthetic valve endocarditis?

A

Vancomycin

Gentamicin

at 3-5 days add in oral rifampicin

35
Q

What is the treatment for drug user endocarditis?

A

Flucloxacillin

36
Q

What is the treatment for staphylococcus aureus endocarditis?

A

FLUCLOXACILLIN

37
Q

What is the treatment for Viridans streptococci?

A

Benzylpenicillin and gentamicin

38
Q

What is the treatment for enterococcus endocarditis?

A

Amoxicillin/vancomycin and gentamicin

39
Q

What is the treatment for staphylococcus epidermidis?

A

Vancomycin IV

Gentamicin IV

Rifampicin (oral)

40
Q

How is endocarditis treatment monitored?

A

Cardiac function

Temp

CRP

41
Q

What infection of the heart is more common in younger people and a cause of sudden death?

A

Myocarditis

42
Q

What usually causes myocarditis?

A

Enteroviruses e.g. coxsackie A and B, echovirus etc

43
Q

How is myocarditis usually diagnosed?

A

Viral PCR

Throat swab and stool swab

44
Q

What does pericarditis often occur with?

A

Myocarditis

45
Q

What is the most common cause of pericarditis? Viral or bacterial?

A

Viral

46
Q

What is Brugada syndrome?

A

Affects the way that electrical signals pass through the heart

ST elevation and AF common

ST elevation and RBBB in V1-V3

VF triggers at rest, fever, excess alcohol

Cardiovascular (14 decks)

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