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Cardiovascular > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is heparin?

A

Anti-coagulant

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2
Q

What is amiodarone used to treat?

A

Ventricular tachycardia

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3
Q

What is bisoprolol?

A

Beta blocker

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4
Q

What is nicorandil?

A

Potassium channel activator

Used in angina

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5
Q

What is spironolactone?

A

Potassium sparing diuretic

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6
Q

What is the 3rd line treatment of hypertension?

A

ACE-i/ARB + calcium channel blocker + thiazide like diuretic

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7
Q

What do you need to monitor if you put a patient on spironolactone?

A

U&Es

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8
Q

What drugs are involved in the treatment of angina?

A

GTN

Beta blockers

Calcium channel blockers

Potassium channel activators

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9
Q

What type of diuretics do you use in elderly patients?

A

Thiazide like

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10
Q

What does adenosine do?

A

Decreases heart rate and reduces conduction velocity at the AV node

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11
Q

What is atropine used in the treatment of?

A

Bradycardia

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12
Q

What is aspirin?

A

Anti-platelet

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13
Q

When is aspirin used?

A

High risk patients following an MI/stroke

Angina

Peripheral vascular disease

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14
Q

Name an anti-platelet

A

Aspirin

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15
Q

What is warfarin?

A

Anti-coagulant

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16
Q

What is rivaroxaban?

A

Anti-coagulant

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17
Q

Name an anti-coagulant?

A

Warfarin

Heparin

Rivaroxaban

Apixaban

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18
Q

When are anti-coagulants used?

A

AF

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19
Q

What do beta blockers do?

A

Antagonise the sympathetic nervous system

Slow pulse by decreasing firing from the AV node

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20
Q

What beta blocker is selective and what ‘does it select’?

A

Bisoprolol - Beta 1

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21
Q

What is amiodarone used for?

A

Ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation

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22
Q

What is bisoprolol?

A

Beta-1 receptor blocker

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23
Q

Name unselective beta blocker

A

Propranolol

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24
Q

What conditions require the use of beta blockers?

A

Angina

Hypertension

Post-MI (decreases mortality)

Antidysrhythmic

Heart failure (with caution)

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25
Q

What is furosemide and what is it used for?

A

Loop diuretic

Heart failure

26
Q

What is bendroflumathiazide and what is it used for?

A

Thiazide like diuretic (inhibit Na/Cl transporter)

Hypertension

27
Q

What increases the risk of gout?

A

Thiazide like diuretics

28
Q

What is staphylococcus aureus more likley to respond to?

A

Flucloxacillin IV

29
Q

What is the investigation pathway in a patient who is suspected to have heart failure?

A

History

Examination

Chest X-ray

ECG

Echo-cardiogram

30
Q

What is treatment of heart failure?

A

Oxygen

LOOP diuretics

Nitrate

Long term - beta blockers, ACE-i/ARB, spironolactone

31
Q

What is verapamil?

A

Voltage-activated Ca2+ channel blocker

Slows conduction in SA and AV nodes

Decreases the force of cardiac contraction

32
Q

What is amiodarone?

A

Voltage-activated K+ channel blocker

Prolongs AP duration increasing refractory period

33
Q

Name a class I rhythm control drug

A

Flecainide

34
Q

Name a class II rate control drug

A

Atenolol

35
Q

Name a class II rhythm control drug

A

Amiodarone

36
Q

Name a class IV rate control drug

A

Verapamil

37
Q

What drugs can be used in supraventricular arrhythmias?

A

Adenosine

Digoxin

Verapamil

38
Q

What does adenosine do?

A

Used in paroxysmal tachycardia (atrial firing rate 140-250bpm)

Opens K+ channels

IV DRUG

39
Q

What does digoxin do?

A

Slows conduction and prolongs refractor period

Used in AF

40
Q

What does verapamil do?

A

Blocks L-type voltage-activated Ca2+ channels

Slows conduction and prolongs refractory period

Used in AF and Atrial Flutter

41
Q

What drugs can be used to treat ventricular arryhthmias?

A

Lignocaine

42
Q

What is amiodarone used to treat?

A

SVT and VT and used after an MI

However shouldn’t be used longterm as can lead to:
Pulmonary fibrosis
Thyroid problems
Peripheral neuropathy

43
Q

Name some antiplatelet drugs

A

Aspirin

Clopidogrel

44
Q

Name some anticoagulants

A

Warfarin

Rivaroxaban

45
Q

Name some fibrinolytics

A

Streptokinase

46
Q

What diuretic is used in heart failure?

A

Furosemide

Loop

47
Q

What diuretic is used in hypertension?

A

Bendrofluazide

Thiazide diuretics

48
Q

What can diuretics increase the risk of?

A

Gout

Hyperglycaemia (in diabetics)

49
Q

Name a beta blocker used in angina, hypertension and heart failure

A

Atenolol - selective for Beta-1 receptors

50
Q

Name a beta blocker used in thyrotoxicosis

A

Propranolol

51
Q

What is amlodipine and what is it used in?

A

Dihydropyridine

Hypertension and angina

Can cause ankle oedema

52
Q

What is verapamil and what is it used in?

A

Hypertension and angina
Also SVTs
DON’T USE WITH BETA BLOCKERS

53
Q

When are alpha blockers used?

Name one

A

Doxazosin

Hypertension

54
Q

When are ACE-i used?

Name one

A

Hypertension

Heart failure

Lisinopril

55
Q

When are angiotensin receptor blockers used?

Name one

A

Losartan

Hypertension

Heart failure

56
Q

When are nitrates used?

A

Angina

Acute heart failure

57
Q

When are antiplatelets used?

A

Angina

Acute MI

58
Q

How is heparin administered?

A

IV

59
Q

What do fibrinolytic drugs do?

A

Dissolve formed clots

60
Q

What is the treatment for arrhythmias?

A

Amiodarone

Beta Blockers

Flecainide

In SVT adenosine in acute phase

61
Q

If a patient is complaining of yellow vision, what drug have they been taking?

A

Digoxin

Cardiovascular (14 decks)

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