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Cardiovascular > Week 1 part 2 > Flashcards

Week 1 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mean arterial blood pressure?

A

The average arterial blood pressure during a single cardiac cycle

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2
Q

How is MAP calculated?

A

(2xdiastolic) +systolic /3

CO x TPR

HR x SV x TPR

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3
Q

A MAP of at least what is needed to perfuse the coronary arteries, brain and the kidneys?

A

60mmHg

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4
Q

What is the short-term regulation of the MAP?

A

Baroreceptor reflex

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5
Q

Where are the baroreceptors?

A

Aortic arch

Carotid sinus

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6
Q

What control mechanism prevents postural hypotension?

A

Baroreceptor reflex

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7
Q

If high blood pressure is sustained, what happens to baroreceptor firing?

A

It decreases (they re-set)

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8
Q

What is the long term control of MAP controlled by?

A

Blood volume

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9
Q

What are the hormones which regulate extracellular fluid volume?

A

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Antidiuretic Hormone

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10
Q

Where is renin released from?

A

Kidneys

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11
Q

What does angiotensin II do?

A

Stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex

Causes systemic vasoconstriction (increases TPR)

Stimulates thirst

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12
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Increases sodium and water retention

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13
Q

What is the rate limiting step for RAAS? (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway)

A

RENIN SECRETION

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14
Q

When is the atiral natriuretic peptide hormone released?

A

In response to atrial distension

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15
Q

What does atrial natriuretic peptide do?

A

Causes excretion of salt and walter in the kidneys

Reduces blood volume and blood pressure

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16
Q

What is the counter mechanism for the RAAS?

A

ANP

17
Q

What do the angtiotensin II and antidiuretic hormones do to the vascular system?

A

Cause constriction of the blood vessels

18
Q

What does adenosine do to arterioles?

A

Vasodilates them

19
Q

What do histamine, bradykinin and nitric oxide do to the arteriolar smooth muscle?

A

Relax it causing VASODILATION

20
Q

What do leukotrienes, thromboxane A2, endothelin and serotonin do to arterioles?

A

Vasoconstrict

21
Q

What does an increase in vasomotor tone do?

A

Increases TPR and MAP

22
Q

What does an increase in venomotor tone do?

A

Increases venous return, SV and MAP

23
Q

How does sympathetic stimulation increase heart rate?

A

Iincreases the rate of firing of the SA node and decreases AV nodal delay

Increases force of contraction

Cardiovascular (14 decks)

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