Week 6

Question 1

What are the 2 duration categories of pain? Define them.

Answer 1

1. Acute (lasts for a short time)

2. Chronic (lasts beyond the time expected)

Question 2

What are the location categories of pain? Define them.

Answer 2

1. Visceral Pain (emanates from internal organs - described as “deep ache”)
2. Somatic Pain (emanates from muscles/tissues - described as “throbbing, stabbing”
3. Neuropathic Pain (emanates from NS)

Question 3

Define “Nociception”

Answer 3

The transmission of information related to pain along the PNS and CNS, once a pain receptor has been activated

Question 4

What is Prostaglandin?

Answer 4

A chemical mediator

Question 5

What is responsible for producing prostaglandin?

Answer 5

The COX enzyme

Question 6

Where is COX-1 found, and what are its functions?

Answer 6

• Located in stomach, intestines, kidneys and platelets

- Renal function, platelet aggregation and cytoprotection of the stomach

Question 7

Where is COX-2 found, and what are its functions?

Answer 7

• Located in fewer tissues

- Pain mediator, inflammation and fever

Question 8

List 3 potential adverse effects of NSAIDs

Answer 8

1. Epigastric pain
2. Nausea/Vomiting
3. GI bleeding

Question 9

Define “Analgesia”

Answer 9

The inability to feel pain

Question 10

What are common upper GIT problems caused by?

Answer 10

Excessive activity of stomach acid, and the flow of this acid into the oesophagus

Question 11

If gastric reflux is prolonged, what can it cause?

Answer 11

Gastro-Oesophageal-Reflux Disease (GORD)

Question 12

Name the 3 drugs used to treat GORD

Answer 12

1. Antacids
2. H2 receptor antagonists
3. Proton pump inhibitors

Question 13

Name a common upper GIT problem

Answer 13

Peptic ulcers

Question 14

Describe a peptic ulcer

Answer 14

• Occurs when thick layer of protective mucous that covers mucosal cells of stomach erode