Cardiovascular Medications Flashcards
What is the MOA of Statins?
Inhibits one of the liver enzymes required to synthesize cholesterol
List 2 Examples of Statins
- Atorvastatin
- Simvastatin
What is the Schedule, Classification and Nursing Considerations of Atorvastatin?
Schedule: 4
Classification: Hypolipidemic Agent
NC: Monitor liver function, lipid levels to be reviewed every 6-12 months and may increase plasma concentration of Digoxin
What is the Schedule, Classification and Nursing Considerations of Simvastatin?
Schedule: 4
Classification: Hypolipidemic Agent
NC: Monitor liver function, lipid levels to be reviewed every 6-12 months and use caution when taking Warfarin and Digoxin
A, A, B, C, D are classes of Hypertension Medications. List them.
ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists
Beta Blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers
Diuretics
List 2 Examples of ACE Inhibitors.
- Perindopril
- Captopril
List 3 Common Adverse Effects of ACE Inhibitors.
- Hypotension
- Headache
- Hyperkalaemia
What is the MOA of ACE Inhibitors?
Inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II, allowing vasodilation
What is the Schedule, Classification and Nursing Considerations of Perindopril?
Schedule: 4
Classification: Anti-Hypertensive Agent
NC: risk of hypotension, may produce persistent cough
List 2 Examples of Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists.
- Irbesartan
- Losartan
What is the MOA of Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists?
Inhibits angiotensin II receptors so that smooth muscles in the vasculature do not constrict
What is the Schedule, Classification and Nursing Considerations of Irbesartan?
Schedule: 4
Classification: Anti-Hypertensive Agent
NC: maximum effect in 4-6 weeks, monitor BP before and after
List 2 Examples of Beta-Blockers.
- Atenolol
- Metoprolol
What is the MOA of Beta-Blockers?
Inhibiting beta receptors on heart muscles and reduce the affects of adrenaline
List 3 Adverse Effects of Beta-Blockers.
- Insomnia
- Vivid Dreams
- Bronchoconstriction
What is the Schedule, Classification and Nursing Considerations of Metoprolol?
Schedule: 4
Classification: Anti-Hypertensive Agent
NC: monitor BP before and after, monitor for hypotension and bradycardia
List 2 Examples of Calcium Channel Blockers.
- Nifedipine
- Verapamil
What is the MOA of Calcium Channel Blockers?
Decreases availability of Ca within the heart - relaxing smooth muscle
What is the Schedule, Classification and Nursing Considerations of Verapamil?
Schedule: 4
Classification: Anti-Hypertensive Agent
NC: monitor BP before and after, monitor for hypotension and bradycardia, and avoid grapefruit
List the 3 Types of Diuretics.
- Thiazide
- Loop
- Potassium-Sparing
What is the MOA and Nursing Considerations of Diuretics?
Reduces blood volume and inhibits the reabsorption of Na, Cl and K+ ions.
Monitor BP before and after, monitor fluid balance and kidney functions, and take K+ supplements
List 2 Examples of Peripheral Vasodilators, and which is most optimal and why?
- Glyceryl Nitrate (GTN)
- Isosorbide Dinitrate
GTN is most optimal, as it is administered sublingually - avoiding the first pass effect
What is the MOA and Nursing Considerations of Peripheral Vasodilators?
MOA: reduces workload on the heart via vasodilation
NC: monitor for excessive vasodilation (headache, hypotension)
List 1 Example of Cardiac Glycosides.
- Digoxin
What is the MOA, Indication and Nursing Considerations of Cardiac Glycosides?
MOA: increases the force of myocardial contraction and restore normal heart rhythm
Indication: atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and heart failure
NC: monitor HR before administration - w/h if <60 beats/min, monitor digoxin levels - therapeutic dose is close to toxic concentration
How can Verapamil assist with Cardiac Arrhythmias?
Inhibits atrio-ventricular conduction
What is another Anti-Arrhythmic, its MOA and Nursing Considerations?
Amiodarone
MOA: prolongs action potential
NC: monitor adverse effects, drug interactions and toxicity
List 3 Examples of Adrenergic Agonists.
- Adrenaline
- Dopamine
- Dobutamine
What is the MOA and Nursing Considerations of Adrenergic Agonists?
MOA: increase force of contraction
NC: given IV, monitor cardiac response
What is the Schedule, Classification, MOA and Nursing Considerations of Heparin?
Schedule: 4
Classification: Anti-Coagulant
MOA: increases function of natural coagulation inhibitor (Antithrombin III)
NC: SC or IV only, monitor via APTT blood tests, antidote = protamine
What is the Schedule, Classification, MOA and Nursing Considerations of Enoxaparin?
Schedule: 4
Classification: Anti-Coagulant
MOA: increases function of natural coagulation inhibitor (Antithrombin III)
NC: SC only - rotate injection sites, do not expel air bubble in syringe, do not rub injection site
What is the Schedule, Classification, MOA and Nursing Considerations of Warfarin?
Schedule: 4
Classification: Anti-Coagulant
MOA: inhibits the enzyme needed to convert Vit K to an active form -> reducing clotting
NC:
- considered high risk
- avoid leafy greens
- monitor via INR
monitor for toxicity, antidote = Vit K
What is the Schedule, Classification, MOA and Nursing Considerations of Aspirin?
Schedule: unscheduled or S2
Classification: Anti-Platelet Agent
MOA: inhibits unwanted thrombus formation by decreasing platelet aggregation (COX-2 selective inhibitor)
NC: may cause gastric irritation, must cease 7 days before surgery, monitor via blood test
