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1807 - Safe Administration of Medications > Cardiovascular Medications > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of Statins?

A

Inhibits one of the liver enzymes required to synthesize cholesterol

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2
Q

List 2 Examples of Statins

A
  1. Atorvastatin
  2. Simvastatin
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3
Q

What is the Schedule, Classification and Nursing Considerations of Atorvastatin?

A

Schedule: 4
Classification: Hypolipidemic Agent
NC: Monitor liver function, lipid levels to be reviewed every 6-12 months and may increase plasma concentration of Digoxin

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4
Q

What is the Schedule, Classification and Nursing Considerations of Simvastatin?

A

Schedule: 4
Classification: Hypolipidemic Agent
NC: Monitor liver function, lipid levels to be reviewed every 6-12 months and use caution when taking Warfarin and Digoxin

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5
Q

A, A, B, C, D are classes of Hypertension Medications. List them.

A

ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists
Beta Blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers
Diuretics

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6
Q

List 2 Examples of ACE Inhibitors.

A
  1. Perindopril
  2. Captopril
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7
Q

List 3 Common Adverse Effects of ACE Inhibitors.

A
  1. Hypotension
  2. Headache
  3. Hyperkalaemia
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8
Q

What is the MOA of ACE Inhibitors?

A

Inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II, allowing vasodilation

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9
Q

What is the Schedule, Classification and Nursing Considerations of Perindopril?

A

Schedule: 4
Classification: Anti-Hypertensive Agent
NC: risk of hypotension, may produce persistent cough

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10
Q

List 2 Examples of Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists.

A
  1. Irbesartan
  2. Losartan
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11
Q

What is the MOA of Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists?

A

Inhibits angiotensin II receptors so that smooth muscles in the vasculature do not constrict

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12
Q

What is the Schedule, Classification and Nursing Considerations of Irbesartan?

A

Schedule: 4
Classification: Anti-Hypertensive Agent
NC: maximum effect in 4-6 weeks, monitor BP before and after

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13
Q

List 2 Examples of Beta-Blockers.

A
  1. Atenolol
  2. Metoprolol
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14
Q

What is the MOA of Beta-Blockers?

A

Inhibiting beta receptors on heart muscles and reduce the affects of adrenaline

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15
Q

List 3 Adverse Effects of Beta-Blockers.

A
  1. Insomnia
  2. Vivid Dreams
  3. Bronchoconstriction
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16
Q

What is the Schedule, Classification and Nursing Considerations of Metoprolol?

A

Schedule: 4
Classification: Anti-Hypertensive Agent
NC: monitor BP before and after, monitor for hypotension and bradycardia

17
Q

List 2 Examples of Calcium Channel Blockers.

A
  1. Nifedipine
  2. Verapamil
18
Q

What is the MOA of Calcium Channel Blockers?

A

Decreases availability of Ca within the heart - relaxing smooth muscle

19
Q

What is the Schedule, Classification and Nursing Considerations of Verapamil?

A

Schedule: 4
Classification: Anti-Hypertensive Agent
NC: monitor BP before and after, monitor for hypotension and bradycardia, and avoid grapefruit

20
Q

List the 3 Types of Diuretics.

A
  1. Thiazide
  2. Loop
  3. Potassium-Sparing
21
Q

What is the MOA and Nursing Considerations of Diuretics?

A

Reduces blood volume and inhibits the reabsorption of Na, Cl and K+ ions.
Monitor BP before and after, monitor fluid balance and kidney functions, and take K+ supplements

22
Q

List 2 Examples of Peripheral Vasodilators, and which is most optimal and why?

A
  1. Glyceryl Nitrate (GTN)
  2. Isosorbide Dinitrate

GTN is most optimal, as it is administered sublingually - avoiding the first pass effect

23
Q

What is the MOA and Nursing Considerations of Peripheral Vasodilators?

A

MOA: reduces workload on the heart via vasodilation
NC: monitor for excessive vasodilation (headache, hypotension)

24
Q

List 1 Example of Cardiac Glycosides.

A
  1. Digoxin
25
Q

What is the MOA, Indication and Nursing Considerations of Cardiac Glycosides?

A

MOA: increases the force of myocardial contraction and restore normal heart rhythm
Indication: atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and heart failure
NC: monitor HR before administration - w/h if <60 beats/min, monitor digoxin levels - therapeutic dose is close to toxic concentration

26
Q

How can Verapamil assist with Cardiac Arrhythmias?

A

Inhibits atrio-ventricular conduction

27
Q

What is another Anti-Arrhythmic, its MOA and Nursing Considerations?

A

Amiodarone
MOA: prolongs action potential
NC: monitor adverse effects, drug interactions and toxicity

28
Q

List 3 Examples of Adrenergic Agonists.

A
  1. Adrenaline
  2. Dopamine
  3. Dobutamine
29
Q

What is the MOA and Nursing Considerations of Adrenergic Agonists?

A

MOA: increase force of contraction
NC: given IV, monitor cardiac response

30
Q

What is the Schedule, Classification, MOA and Nursing Considerations of Heparin?

A

Schedule: 4
Classification: Anti-Coagulant
MOA: increases function of natural coagulation inhibitor (Antithrombin III)
NC: SC or IV only, monitor via APTT blood tests, antidote = protamine

31
Q

What is the Schedule, Classification, MOA and Nursing Considerations of Enoxaparin?

A

Schedule: 4
Classification: Anti-Coagulant
MOA: increases function of natural coagulation inhibitor (Antithrombin III)
NC: SC only - rotate injection sites, do not expel air bubble in syringe, do not rub injection site

32
Q

What is the Schedule, Classification, MOA and Nursing Considerations of Warfarin?

A

Schedule: 4
Classification: Anti-Coagulant
MOA: inhibits the enzyme needed to convert Vit K to an active form -> reducing clotting
NC:
- considered high risk
- avoid leafy greens
- monitor via INR
monitor for toxicity, antidote = Vit K

33
Q

What is the Schedule, Classification, MOA and Nursing Considerations of Aspirin?

A

Schedule: unscheduled or S2
Classification: Anti-Platelet Agent
MOA: inhibits unwanted thrombus formation by decreasing platelet aggregation (COX-2 selective inhibitor)
NC: may cause gastric irritation, must cease 7 days before surgery, monitor via blood test

1807 - Safe Administration of Medications (17 decks)

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