week 5: cardiovasular physiology: structure of lungs and heart: organisation of heart, lungs and vessels

Question 1

thoracic cavity is divided laterally into

Answer 1

two pulmonary cavities

Question 2

pulmonary cavities occupied by

Answer 2

lungs

Question 3

in medial compartment of thorax between pulmonary cavities

Answer 3

mediastinum

Question 4

mediastinum divided into superior and inferior at level

Answer 4

vertebra T4/5

Question 5

what can you feel as a bump on front of chest

Answer 5

sternal angle
newbrium and body of sternum meet

Question 6

inferior mediastinium can be divided

Answer 6

anterior: area in front of heart
middle mediastinum: heart
posterior: area behind heart and pericardium

Question 7

important structures found in mediastinum

Answer 7

heart
trachea
major blood vessels and nerves
oesophagus

Question 8

pleura

Answer 8

enclosed sack lung grows into during development

Question 9

what makes up the pleural sack

Answer 9

2 membranous layers that surround each lung: parietal and visceral pleura

Question 10

pleural cavity

Answer 10

small space between the parietal and visceral pleura

Question 11

thin film of serous pleural fluid function

Answer 11

reduces friction
creates surface tension between parietal and visceral layers to aid inspiration
(allows lungs to inflate smoothly when chest expands)

Question 12

size of lung comparison

Answer 12

left lung slightly smaller as heart expands into left side

Question 13

lobes of left lung

Answer 13

upper and lower lobe separated by oblique fissure

Question 14

lobes of right lung

Answer 14

upper, middle and lower
oblique fissure
horizontal fissure divides upper and middle

Question 15

heart position in relation of rib cage

Answer 15

sits slightly to left of sternum
runs from rib 2/3 to rib 4/5
apex of heart runs down through mid clavicular line
heart is on axis

Question 16

key anterior surface features of heart

Answer 16

right ventricle takes up maortiy area of viewpoint
right atrium in view
pulmonary trunk that runs to lungs
arch of aorta to right of pulmonary trunk
superior and little bit of inferior vena cava

Question 17

key posterior surface features of heart

Answer 17

majority of view taken up by left ventricle
left atrium in view

Question 18

4 chambers of heart

Answer 18

2 atria
2 ventricles

Question 19

4 valves of heart

Answer 19

aortic
pulmonary
tricuspid
mitral

Question 20

2 main coronary arteries of heart

Answer 20

left and right
numerous branches

Question 21

1 main coronary vein of heart

Answer 21

coronary sinus
numerous tributaries

Question 22

apex of heart vs lungs

Answer 22

heart: bottom
lungs: top

Question 23

pericardium

Answer 23

membranous layer surrounding heart

Question 24

pericardial sac layers

Answer 24

fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium
fibrous pericardium surrounds serous pericardium and serves as a protective layer

Question 25

serous pericardium

Answer 25

2 layers: parietal and visceral
fluid filled pericardial cavity between the two layers

Question 26

what is the parietal layer in contact with

Answer 26

fibrous pericardium
fibrous pericardium and partietal layer fuse together
helps to create protective outer membrane for heart

Question 27

three layers of heart wall

Answer 27

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium

Question 28

endocardium

Answer 28

endothelial tissue
areolar tissue
paracrine

Question 29

myocardium

Answer 29

cardiac muscle cells
connective tissue
contractive

Question 30

epicardium

Answer 30

viseral layer of serous pericardium
protective layer

Question 31

cardiac muscles

Answer 31

thin sheets of muscle that wrap around each other in spiral
twisting and contraction
helps blood move in right direction

Question 32

cardiac muscle sheets: atrial

Answer 32

atrial musculature forms bands that wrap around atria in a figure-8 pattern

Question 33

caridac muscle sheets: ventricular

Answer 33

ventricular musculature forms bands that spiral around the ventricles

Question 34

intraventricular spetum

Answer 34

seperates right and left venricle

Question 35

papillary muscles

Answer 35

attach via chordae tendonae
to AV valves

Question 36

valve between right atria and ventircle

Answer 36

three cusps
tricuspid valve

Question 37

valve between left atria and ventricle

Answer 37

two cups
biscuspid

Question 38

pulmonary valve and aortal valve

Answer 38

semi lunar valves
each have three cusps

Question 39

blood enters right atrium through

Answer 39

superior vena cava
inferior vena cava

Question 40

blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle

Answer 40

through tricuspid valve

Question 41

blood from right ventircle

Answer 41

flows to pulmonary trunk through pulmonary valve
to lungs

Question 42

oxygenated blood from lungs enter left atrium through

Answer 42

pulmonary veins
4 pulmonary veins

Question 43

blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle

Answer 43

through mitral valve

Question 44

blood flows from left ventricle to

Answer 44

aorta through aortic valve
then to systemic circulation and supply blood to body

Question 45

three main circulation

Answer 45

pulmonary
coronary
systemic

Question 46

pulmonary circulation

Answer 46

blood to and from lungs

Question 47

coronary circulation

Answer 47

blood to and from heart

Question 48

systemic circulation

Answer 48

blood to and from body