week 5: cardiovasular physiology: structure of lungs and heart: organisation of heart, lungs and vessels Flashcards

1
Q

thoracic cavity is divided laterally into

A

two pulmonary cavities

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2
Q

pulmonary cavities occupied by

A

lungs

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3
Q

in medial compartment of thorax between pulmonary cavities

A

mediastinum

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4
Q

mediastinum divided into superior and inferior at level

A

vertebra T4/5

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5
Q

what can you feel as a bump on front of chest

A

sternal angle
newbrium and body of sternum meet

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6
Q

inferior mediastinium can be divided

A

anterior: area in front of heart
middle mediastinum: heart
posterior: area behind heart and pericardium

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7
Q

important structures found in mediastinum

A

heart
trachea
major blood vessels and nerves
oesophagus

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8
Q

pleura

A

enclosed sack lung grows into during development

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9
Q

what makes up the pleural sack

A

2 membranous layers that surround each lung: parietal and visceral pleura

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10
Q

pleural cavity

A

small space between the parietal and visceral pleura

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11
Q

thin film of serous pleural fluid function

A

reduces friction
creates surface tension between parietal and visceral layers to aid inspiration
(allows lungs to inflate smoothly when chest expands)

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12
Q

size of lung comparison

A

left lung slightly smaller as heart expands into left side

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13
Q

lobes of left lung

A

upper and lower lobe separated by oblique fissure

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14
Q

lobes of right lung

A

upper, middle and lower
oblique fissure
horizontal fissure divides upper and middle

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15
Q

heart position in relation of rib cage

A

sits slightly to left of sternum
runs from rib 2/3 to rib 4/5
apex of heart runs down through mid clavicular line
heart is on axis

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16
Q

key anterior surface features of heart

A

right ventricle takes up maortiy area of viewpoint
right atrium in view
pulmonary trunk that runs to lungs
arch of aorta to right of pulmonary trunk
superior and little bit of inferior vena cava

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17
Q

key posterior surface features of heart

A

majority of view taken up by left ventricle
left atrium in view

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18
Q

4 chambers of heart

A

2 atria
2 ventricles

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19
Q

4 valves of heart

A

aortic
pulmonary
tricuspid
mitral

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20
Q

2 main coronary arteries of heart

A

left and right
numerous branches

21
Q

1 main coronary vein of heart

A

coronary sinus
numerous tributaries

22
Q

apex of heart vs lungs

A

heart: bottom
lungs: top

23
Q

pericardium

A

membranous layer surrounding heart

24
Q

pericardial sac layers

A

fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium
fibrous pericardium surrounds serous pericardium and serves as a protective layer

25
serous pericardium
2 layers: parietal and visceral fluid filled pericardial cavity between the two layers
26
what is the parietal layer in contact with
fibrous pericardium fibrous pericardium and partietal layer fuse together helps to create protective outer membrane for heart
27
three layers of heart wall
endocardium myocardium epicardium
28
endocardium
endothelial tissue areolar tissue paracrine
29
myocardium
cardiac muscle cells connective tissue contractive
30
epicardium
viseral layer of serous pericardium protective layer
31
cardiac muscles
thin sheets of muscle that wrap around each other in spiral twisting and contraction helps blood move in right direction
32
cardiac muscle sheets: atrial
atrial musculature forms bands that wrap around atria in a figure-8 pattern
33
caridac muscle sheets: ventricular
ventricular musculature forms bands that spiral around the ventricles
34
intraventricular spetum
seperates right and left venricle
35
papillary muscles
attach via chordae tendonae to AV valves
36
valve between right atria and ventircle
three cusps tricuspid valve
37
valve between left atria and ventricle
two cups biscuspid
38
pulmonary valve and aortal valve
semi lunar valves each have three cusps
39
blood enters right atrium through
superior vena cava inferior vena cava
40
blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle
through tricuspid valve
41
blood from right ventircle
flows to pulmonary trunk through pulmonary valve to lungs
42
oxygenated blood from lungs enter left atrium through
pulmonary veins 4 pulmonary veins
43
blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle
through mitral valve
44
blood flows from left ventricle to
aorta through aortic valve then to systemic circulation and supply blood to body
45
three main circulation
pulmonary coronary systemic
46
pulmonary circulation
blood to and from lungs
47
coronary circulation
blood to and from heart
48
systemic circulation
blood to and from body