week 2 teaching: the upper limb Flashcards
the pectoral girdle
attachment of appendicular skeleton to axial skeleton
only one bone attachment- from clavicle to the sternum
scapula is then attached to clavicle, held in place on posterior side of thorax by muscles
socket joint where humourous joins to scapula is glenoid humoural fossa
why can we produce wide range of movement at shoulder joint
socket of the glenoid fossa is very shallow
allows for throwing overhead motion
very shallow socket of glenoid fossa means
joint is fairly unstable- increases likelhood of joint disslocation
three regions of upper limb
shoulder
arm
forearm
shoulder region
humorous attaches to scapula and pectoral girdle
arm
between shoulder and elbow join
elbow
formed by connection from humourous to ulnar
hinge joint
one degree of freedom
radius forms major joint with
carpal bones
ellipsoid joint
two degrees of freedom
muscles around pectoral girdle
stabilise bones around pg
reduce movement of bones
trapezius- posterior
large superficial muscle
long attachemnt along spine
inserts into triangle shape
levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, rhomboid major- posterior
deep to trapezius
aid in retraction of shoulder- posterior movement of shoulder and PG
serratus anterior- posterior
deep to trapezius
originates on anterior medial border
runs round to attach onto ribs on anterior surface
trapezius- anterior
attaches along clavicle
serratus anterior - anterior
finger like projections
produces protraction- anterior movement of shoulder
pectoralis minor
acts on PG
moving the arm- posterior
superficial:
-deltoid
- latissimus Dorsi
deep:
-rotator cuff muscles
- teres major
-triceps brachii (3)
rotator cuff muscles
aid to stabilise shoulder joint and preventing dislocation
- Supraspinatus
-Infraspinatus
-Teres Minor
- Subscapularis
triceps brachii
3 muscele bellies
one crosses shoulder joint
common insertion down onto ulnar
crosses shoulder joint and elbow joint
can produce movement at both joints
subscapularis- identify on diagram
can see from lateral view of shoulder
only rotator cuff muscle which attcahes on anterior surface of scapula
supraspinatus
moving the arm- anterior
superficial:
deltoid
pectoralis major
subscapularis
deep:
coraco-brachialis
biceps brachii
acronym for rotator cuff muscles
SITS
muscle located on anterior surface of humourous
brachialis
muscles on the posterior surface of humorous act to
extend the elbow joint
muscles on the anterior surface of humourous act to
flex elbow joint
why does bicep brachii muscle act as a strong supinator
because of the insertion of the bicep brachii muscle into radius
two muscles which act to pronate forearms
pronator teres
pronator quadratus
moving the wrist and hand, common extensor origin (posterior)
the lateral epicondyle of the humourous
moving wrist and hand: common flexion origin (anterior)
the medial epicondyle of the humourous
moving the wrist and hand: anterior
superficial layer
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpri ulnaris
palmaris longus
moving the wrist and hand: anterior
middle layer
flexor digitorum superficialis
run through carpal tunnel
roof of carpal tunnel formed by
flexor retinaculum
prevents bowing of tendons when gripping
moving hand and wrist: anterior
deep muscles
flexor policis longus
flexor digitorum profundis
tendons pass through capral tunnel
nerve which passes through carpral tunnel
median nerve
pollox muscles
muscles of the thumb
thumb and little finger have their own:
opponens muscles
flexors
extensors
abductors
thumb has its own
adductor
muscles which adduct and abduct the fingers
palmar and dorsal interossei
PAD
DAB
