week 2 teaching: the lower limb Flashcards
pectoral girdle vs pelvic girdle
small attachment of bones at clavicle, muscles play a really important role = fairly mobile
deep socket in hip and large bony attachment from pelvis to verterbrae= strong stable joint
pelvic girdle
two innominate hip bones
joins sacrum posteriorly
joint to eachother through cartilagenous joint anterioirly
innominate hip bone formed from
three bones that merge together in early childhood
what is the pelvic bone joint to at hip joint
femur
thigh
between hip and knee
leg
between knee and ankle
hip joint
ball and socket joint with 3 degrees of freedom
why is hip joint more stable than shoulder joint
deeper joint
femur connected to
platella and tibia in modified hinge joint
two bones in leg
larger: tibia
smaller: fibula
ankle joint
hinge joint with tarsal bones
tarsal bones attach to
metatarsals and
moving the thigh
extensor
abductors
rotators
gluteous maximus
most superficial
powerful extensor muscle
produces lateral rotation of thigh
strong activation when working from flexed position (walking upstairs)
gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
primary abductors of hip
actively engage muscles every time we move forwards
when one leg lifts up, abduction of thigh keeps hips in neutral position
Trendelenburg sign
drop of pelvis when lifting leg opposite to weak gluteus medius
adductor muscles of hip
pectineus
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor mangus
flexor group of hip
psoas major
illiacas
what do psoas major and iiliacus form
common tendon inserting into femur
movement of leg
extension and flexion of knee
extension of knee muscles
quadriceps femoris ( 4 muscle bellies)
satorius
4 muscles bellies of quadriceps femoris
rectus femoris - corsses hip and knee joint
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
- originate on femur and only cross knee joint
flexion of knee muscles
hamstrings
popliteus
hamstring muscles
bicep femoris (2 bellies)
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
primary flexors of knee
also cross hip joint- assist with extension of hip
popliteus
helps to laterally rotate knee
three groups of muscles on leg
dorsiflexion of foot muscles (anterior)
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
common injury in runners that causes pain along front of leg
stress on dorsiflexion muscles
muscles which evert foor (lateral)
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
plantar flexion foot muscles (posterior)
superficial:
soleus
gastrocnemius
deep:
tibialus posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
soleus and gastrocnemius muscles join together to form
calcaneal tendon
the deep plantar flexion muscles of the foot:
run medially to ankle joint to run on plantar surface of foot
way muscles run around ankle mean they aid in inversion of foot
why is flexor group larger than extension group
require more force during plantar flexion to propel forward during walking whereas there is little resistance to dorsiflexion
