week 2 teaching: the lower limb

Question 1

pectoral girdle vs pelvic girdle

Answer 1

small attachment of bones at clavicle, muscles play a really important role = fairly mobile
deep socket in hip and large bony attachment from pelvis to verterbrae= strong stable joint

Question 2

pelvic girdle

Answer 2

two innominate hip bones
joins sacrum posteriorly
joint to eachother through cartilagenous joint anterioirly

Question 3

innominate hip bone formed from

Answer 3

three bones that merge together in early childhood

Question 4

what is the pelvic bone joint to at hip joint

Answer 4

femur

Question 5

thigh

Answer 5

between hip and knee

Question 6

leg

Answer 6

between knee and ankle

Question 7

hip joint

Answer 7

ball and socket joint with 3 degrees of freedom

Question 8

why is hip joint more stable than shoulder joint

Answer 8

deeper joint

Question 9

femur connected to

Answer 9

platella and tibia in modified hinge joint

Question 10

two bones in leg

Answer 10

larger: tibia
smaller: fibula

Question 11

ankle joint

Answer 11

hinge joint with tarsal bones

Question 12

tarsal bones attach to

Answer 12

metatarsals and

Question 13

moving the thigh

Answer 13

extensor
abductors
rotators

Question 14

gluteous maximus

Answer 14

most superficial
powerful extensor muscle
produces lateral rotation of thigh
strong activation when working from flexed position (walking upstairs)

Question 15

gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

Answer 15

primary abductors of hip
actively engage muscles every time we move forwards
when one leg lifts up, abduction of thigh keeps hips in neutral position

Question 16

Trendelenburg sign

Answer 16

drop of pelvis when lifting leg opposite to weak gluteus medius

Question 17

adductor muscles of hip

Answer 17

pectineus
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor mangus

Question 18

flexor group of hip

Answer 18

psoas major
illiacas

Question 19

what do psoas major and iiliacus form

Answer 19

common tendon inserting into femur

Question 20

movement of leg

Answer 20

extension and flexion of knee

Question 21

extension of knee muscles

Answer 21

quadriceps femoris ( 4 muscle bellies)
satorius

Question 22

4 muscles bellies of quadriceps femoris

Answer 22

rectus femoris - corsses hip and knee joint
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
- originate on femur and only cross knee joint

Question 23

flexion of knee muscles

Answer 23

hamstrings
popliteus

Question 24

hamstring muscles

Answer 24

bicep femoris (2 bellies)
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
primary flexors of knee
also cross hip joint- assist with extension of hip

Question 25

popliteus

Answer 25

helps to laterally rotate knee

Question 26

three groups of muscles on leg

Question 27

dorsiflexion of foot muscles (anterior)

Answer 27

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus

Question 28

common injury in runners that causes pain along front of leg

Answer 28

stress on dorsiflexion muscles

Question 29

muscles which evert foor (lateral)

Answer 29

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

Question 30

plantar flexion foot muscles (posterior)

Answer 30

superficial:
soleus
gastrocnemius
deep:
tibialus posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

Question 31

soleus and gastrocnemius muscles join together to form

Answer 31

calcaneal tendon

Question 32

the deep plantar flexion muscles of the foot:

Answer 32

run medially to ankle joint to run on plantar surface of foot
way muscles run around ankle mean they aid in inversion of foot

Question 33

why is flexor group larger than extension group

Answer 33

require more force during plantar flexion to propel forward during walking whereas there is little resistance to dorsiflexion