week 2 teaching: anatomical terminology Flashcards
anatomical position
standing up straight, feet slightly apart, toes pointing forward, arms by the side of the body with palms of hand facing forward, head an eyes forward
sagittal plane (anteroposterior plane)
vertical plane passing through the body longitudinally
splits into left and right
midsagittal/ median plane
sagittal plane placed along the midline
transerve plane
horizontal plane dividing body into superior and inferior
coronal plane
vertical plane running side to side
divides body into anterior and posterior
superior (cranial, rostral)
towards the head (cranium)
inferior (caudral)
away from the head
towards tail/feet
external (superficial)
towards the sufrace
internal (deep)
away from the surface
medial
towards midline of the body
lateral
away from midline of the body
anterior (ventral)
towards the front
venter:belly
posterior (dorsal)
towards the back
dorsum: back
proximal
towards the trunk of the body
only used for extrmeties
distal
away from trunk of body
only used for extremeties
axial skeleton
80 bones within the central core of the body
head, neck, back, chest
appendicular skeleton
upper and lower extremeties
three main parts of the axial skeleton
skull
thoracic cage
vertebral column
two main parts of the appendicular skeleton
upper limb
lower limb
upper limb
arm
forearm
hand
lower limb
thigh
leg
foot region
flexion
bending (closing joint)
extension
stretching (opening joint)
abduction
moving away from midline
adduction
moving towards midline
describing movement of fingers
median line drawn down third digit
elevation
moving superiorly (shoulder)
depression
moving inferiorly (shoulder)
circumduction
combined movement of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
can only be produced in ball and socket joints
rotation of appendicular skeleton
lateral rotation
medial rotation
rotation of vertabrae and spine
rotation
supernation
palms turn anteriorly
pronation
palms turn posteriorly
eversion
elevation of the lateral margin of the foot
inversion
elevation of the medial margin of the foot
two main categories of joint
synovial
solid
synovial joints
two bones held together by an articular capsule
allows for movement between two bones
solid joints
allow for little to no movement between bones
fibrous: bones connected by fibrous connective tissue
cartilaginous: connected to cartilage
types of synovial joints and their degrees of freedom
pane: 2
hinge: 1
ellipsoid/ condylar: 2
saddle: 2
pivot: 1
ball and socket: 3
degrees of freedom
number of planes joint can move in