week 5 Flashcards
1
Q
motivation
A
- process that account for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal
2
Q
intrinsic motivation
A
- due to internal factors
- self-desire to seek out new things and challenges
- to observe and gain knowledge
- driven by interest / enjoyment
3
Q
extrinsic motivation
A
- external factors
- driven by rewards
- performance of an activity in order to attain a desired outcome
4
Q
maslows hierarchy of needs
A
- self actualization
- > a person’s motivation to reach his or her full potential
-> shown in his pyramid, basic needs must be met before self actualization can be achieved
5
Q
mcclellands achievement motivation theory
A
- motivation is a function for fulfillment of 3 needs
-> need for achievement
-> need for power
(excert control)
-> need for affiliation
(need to be liked)
- subconscious
- measuring is hard
6
Q
contemporary theories of emotion
A
goal setting theory
- > tell employee what needs to be done and effort needed
- > increase performance
- > feedback = higher performance
- > specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, timebound
7
Q
goal pursuit
A
- promotion focus
- > strive for advancement and accomplishment
- prevention focus
- > fulfill duties and obligations and avoid conditions that pull them away from goals
8
Q
unethical behaviour
A
- ethics and goal setting
- schweitzer
- > unmet goals = likely to engage in unethical behaviour
- > forgo mastering tasks and adopt avoidance so we dont look bad
9
Q
self efficacy theory
A
- individuals belief that he/she is capable of performing a task
- enactive mastery
- > gaining relevant exp. with the task
- vicarious modelling
- > becoming more confident because u see someone else doing it
- verbal persuasion
- > confident because someone convinces him that he has the skills
- arousal
- > energized state driving person to complete task
10
Q
reinforcement theory
A
- behaviour is motivated by its consequences
reinforcement
- > anything that increases likelihood of repetition of behaviour
- > positive = presenting stimulus after response
- > negative = removing neg stimulus after response
3 schedules
- continuous
- > every time its emitted
- ratio
- > after set number
- interval
- > after a set time
punishment
- > decreases likelihood of repetition of behaviour
- > inefficient, tells you what not to do but not what to do
ratio > interval
variable > fixed
11
Q
adams equity theory
A
- employees are motivated by desire to be treated fairly
- social exchange b/w org and employee
- involves comparison with
- > co-workers
- > people with same job,
- > ones own past exp. at same/ diff job
- equity perceived, motivation is high and performance steady
- not perceived, diverted motivation to restoring equity
12
Q
vroom’s expectancy theory
A
- assumes employees are rational and that their behaviour is guided by cost-benefit analysis
3 components
- expectancy
- > relationship between effort and performance
- > capable of performing their work
- instrumentality
- > relationship between performance and outcome
- > efforts result in certain outcome
- valence
- > degree to which outcome is desirable to an indvidual
13
Q
self - determination theory
A
- people prefer to feel they have control over their actions
- addition to being driven by need for autonomy, people seek ways to achieve competence and positive connections to others
- rewards
- > motivation
- > shows good performance
- > encourage behaviour
- > show low performers they need to improve
- > rewarded tend to be repeated
- > primarily in response to something apart from work itself
- > neg. influence on intrinsic interest
- choose job for reasons other than extrinsic rewards
- provide intrinsic as well as extrinsic incentives for wokers
